Python: ASGI server introduced.

This closes #461 issue on GitHub.

11 files changed, 3728 insertions, 29 deletions

diff --git a/auto/modules/python b/auto/modules/python
index afb1b586..48f6e5ef 100644
--- a/auto/modules/python
+++ b/auto/modules/python
@@ -168,6 +168,11 @@ $echo >> $NXT_MAKEFILE
 
 NXT_PYTHON_MODULE_SRCS=" \
     src/python/nxt_python.c \
+    src/python/nxt_python_asgi.c \
+    src/python/nxt_python_asgi_http.c \
+    src/python/nxt_python_asgi_lifespan.c \
+    src/python/nxt_python_asgi_str.c \
+    src/python/nxt_python_asgi_websocket.c \
     src/python/nxt_python_wsgi.c \
 "
 
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python.c b/src/python/nxt_python.c
index 7d4589ed..01534a47 100644
--- a/src/python/nxt_python.c
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python.c
@@ -15,14 +15,6 @@
 #include NXT_PYTHON_MOUNTS_H
 
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3
-#define PyString_FromStringAndSize(str, size)                                 \
-            PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1((str), (size), "strict")
-
-#else
-#define PyUnicode_InternInPlace     PyString_InternInPlace
-#endif
-
 static nxt_int_t nxt_python_start(nxt_task_t *task,
     nxt_process_data_t *data);
 static void nxt_python_atexit(void);
@@ -56,7 +48,7 @@ static char               *nxt_py_home;
 static nxt_int_t
 nxt_python_start(nxt_task_t *task, nxt_process_data_t *data)
 {
-    int                    rc;
+    int                    rc, asgi;
     char                   *nxt_py_module;
     size_t                 len;
     PyObject               *obj, *pypath, *module;
@@ -226,7 +218,15 @@ nxt_python_start(nxt_task_t *task, nxt_process_data_t *data)
 
     python_init.shm_limit = data->app->shm_limit;
 
-    rc = nxt_python_wsgi_init(task, &python_init);
+    asgi = nxt_python_asgi_check(nxt_py_application);
+
+    if (asgi) {
+        rc = nxt_python_asgi_init(task, &python_init);
+
+    } else {
+        rc = nxt_python_wsgi_init(task, &python_init);
+    }
+
     if (nxt_slow_path(rc == NXT_ERROR)) {
         goto fail;
     }
@@ -236,7 +236,12 @@ nxt_python_start(nxt_task_t *task, nxt_process_data_t *data)
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    rc = nxt_python_wsgi_run(unit_ctx);
+    if (asgi) {
+        rc = nxt_python_asgi_run(unit_ctx);
+
+    } else {
+        rc = nxt_python_wsgi_run(unit_ctx);
+    }
 
     nxt_unit_done(unit_ctx);
 
@@ -300,6 +305,7 @@ static void
 nxt_python_atexit(void)
 {
     nxt_python_wsgi_done();
+    nxt_python_asgi_done();
 
     Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_stderr_flush);
     Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_application);
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python.h b/src/python/nxt_python.h
index 417df7fd..3211026b 100644
--- a/src/python/nxt_python.h
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python.h
@@ -8,9 +8,32 @@
 
 
 #include <Python.h>
+#include <nxt_main.h>
 #include <nxt_unit.h>
 
 
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3
+#define NXT_PYTHON_BYTES_TYPE       "bytestring"
+
+#define PyString_FromStringAndSize(str, size)                                 \
+            PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1((str), (size), "strict")
+#define PyString_AS_STRING          PyUnicode_DATA
+
+#else
+#define NXT_PYTHON_BYTES_TYPE       "string"
+
+#define PyBytes_FromStringAndSize   PyString_FromStringAndSize
+#define PyBytes_Check               PyString_Check
+#define PyBytes_GET_SIZE            PyString_GET_SIZE
+#define PyBytes_AS_STRING           PyString_AS_STRING
+#define PyUnicode_InternInPlace     PyString_InternInPlace
+#define PyUnicode_AsUTF8            PyString_AS_STRING
+#endif
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 5
+#define NXT_HAVE_ASGI  1
+#endif
+
 extern PyObject  *nxt_py_application;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -18,6 +41,7 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject   **object_p;
 } nxt_python_string_t;
 
+
 nxt_int_t nxt_python_init_strings(nxt_python_string_t *pstr);
 void nxt_python_done_strings(nxt_python_string_t *pstr);
 
@@ -27,5 +51,10 @@ nxt_int_t nxt_python_wsgi_init(nxt_task_t *task, nxt_unit_init_t *init);
 int nxt_python_wsgi_run(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx);
 void nxt_python_wsgi_done(void);
 
+int nxt_python_asgi_check(PyObject *obj);
+nxt_int_t nxt_python_asgi_init(nxt_task_t *task, nxt_unit_init_t *init);
+nxt_int_t nxt_python_asgi_run(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx);
+void nxt_python_asgi_done(void);
+
 
 #endif  /* _NXT_PYTHON_H_INCLUDED_ */
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python_asgi.c b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72408ea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1227 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) NGINX, Inc.
+ */
+
+
+#include <python/nxt_python.h>
+
+#if (NXT_HAVE_ASGI)
+
+#include <nxt_main.h>
+#include <nxt_unit.h>
+#include <nxt_unit_request.h>
+#include <nxt_unit_response.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi_str.h>
+
+
+static void nxt_py_asgi_request_handler(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req);
+
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_create_http_scope(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_create_address(nxt_unit_sptr_t *sptr, uint8_t len,
+    uint16_t port);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_create_header(nxt_unit_field_t *f);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_create_subprotocols(nxt_unit_field_t *f);
+
+static int nxt_py_asgi_add_port(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx, nxt_unit_port_t *port);
+static void nxt_py_asgi_remove_port(nxt_unit_t *lib, nxt_unit_port_t *port);
+static void nxt_py_asgi_quit(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx);
+static void nxt_py_asgi_shm_ack_handler(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx);
+
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_port_read(PyObject *self, PyObject *args);
+
+
+PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_create_future;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_create_task;
+
+nxt_queue_t  nxt_py_asgi_drain_queue;
+
+static PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_call_soon;
+static PyObject  *nxt_py_quit_future;
+static PyObject  *nxt_py_quit_future_set_result;
+static PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_add_reader;
+static PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_remove_reader;
+static PyObject  *nxt_py_port_read;
+
+static PyMethodDef        nxt_py_port_read_method =
+    {"unit_port_read", nxt_py_asgi_port_read, METH_VARARGS, ""};
+
+#define NXT_UNIT_HASH_WS_PROTOCOL  0xED0A
+
+
+int
+nxt_python_asgi_check(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    int           res;
+    PyObject      *call;
+    PyCodeObject  *code;
+
+    if (PyFunction_Check(obj)) {
+        code = (PyCodeObject *) PyFunction_GET_CODE(obj);
+
+        return (code->co_flags & CO_COROUTINE) != 0;
+    }
+
+    if (PyMethod_Check(obj)) {
+        obj = PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION(obj);
+
+        code = (PyCodeObject *) PyFunction_GET_CODE(obj);
+
+        return (code->co_flags & CO_COROUTINE) != 0;
+    }
+
+    call = PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, "__call__");
+
+    if (call == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (PyFunction_Check(call)) {
+        code = (PyCodeObject *) PyFunction_GET_CODE(call);
+
+        res = (code->co_flags & CO_COROUTINE) != 0;
+
+    } else {
+        if (PyMethod_Check(call)) {
+            obj = PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION(call);
+
+            code = (PyCodeObject *) PyFunction_GET_CODE(obj);
+
+            res = (code->co_flags & CO_COROUTINE) != 0;
+
+        } else {
+            res = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(call);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_python_asgi_init(nxt_task_t *task, nxt_unit_init_t *init)
+{
+    PyObject   *asyncio, *loop, *get_event_loop;
+    nxt_int_t  rc;
+
+    nxt_debug(task, "asgi_init");
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_asgi_str_init() != NXT_OK)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to init string objects");
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    asyncio = PyImport_ImportModule("asyncio");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(asyncio == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to import module 'asyncio'");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    loop = NULL;
+    get_event_loop = PyDict_GetItemString(PyModule_GetDict(asyncio),
+                                          "get_event_loop");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(get_event_loop == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task,
+                 "Python failed to get 'get_event_loop' from module 'asyncio'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(get_event_loop) == 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "'asyncio.get_event_loop' is not a callable object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    loop = PyObject_CallObject(get_event_loop, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(loop == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to call 'asyncio.get_event_loop'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_loop_create_task = PyObject_GetAttrString(loop, "create_task");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_loop_create_task == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'loop.create_task'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(nxt_py_loop_create_task) == 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "'loop.create_task' is not a callable object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_loop_add_reader = PyObject_GetAttrString(loop, "add_reader");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_loop_add_reader == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'loop.add_reader'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(nxt_py_loop_add_reader) == 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "'loop.add_reader' is not a callable object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_loop_remove_reader = PyObject_GetAttrString(loop, "remove_reader");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_loop_remove_reader == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'loop.remove_reader'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(nxt_py_loop_remove_reader) == 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "'loop.remove_reader' is not a callable object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_loop_call_soon = PyObject_GetAttrString(loop, "call_soon");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_loop_call_soon == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'loop.call_soon'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(nxt_py_loop_call_soon) == 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "'loop.call_soon' is not a callable object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete = PyObject_GetAttrString(loop,
+                                                          "run_until_complete");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'loop.run_until_complete'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete) == 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "'loop.run_until_complete' is not a callable object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_loop_create_future = PyObject_GetAttrString(loop, "create_future");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_loop_create_future == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'loop.create_future'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(nxt_py_loop_create_future) == 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "'loop.create_future' is not a callable object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_quit_future = PyObject_CallObject(nxt_py_loop_create_future, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_quit_future == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to create Future ");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_quit_future_set_result = PyObject_GetAttrString(nxt_py_quit_future,
+                                                           "set_result");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_quit_future_set_result == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'future.set_result'");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(nxt_py_quit_future_set_result) == 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "'future.set_result' is not a callable object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_port_read = PyCFunction_New(&nxt_py_port_read_method, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_port_read == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to initialize the 'port_read' function");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nxt_queue_init(&nxt_py_asgi_drain_queue);
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_asgi_http_init(task) == NXT_ERROR)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_init(task) == NXT_ERROR)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    rc = nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_startup(task);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(rc == NXT_ERROR)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    init->callbacks.request_handler = nxt_py_asgi_request_handler;
+    init->callbacks.data_handler = nxt_py_asgi_http_data_handler;
+    init->callbacks.websocket_handler = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_handler;
+    init->callbacks.close_handler = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_close_handler;
+    init->callbacks.quit = nxt_py_asgi_quit;
+    init->callbacks.shm_ack_handler = nxt_py_asgi_shm_ack_handler;
+    init->callbacks.add_port = nxt_py_asgi_add_port;
+    init->callbacks.remove_port = nxt_py_asgi_remove_port;
+
+    Py_DECREF(loop);
+    Py_DECREF(asyncio);
+
+    return NXT_OK;
+
+fail:
+
+    Py_XDECREF(loop);
+    Py_DECREF(asyncio);
+
+    return NXT_ERROR;
+}
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_python_asgi_run(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx)
+{
+    PyObject  *res;
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete,
+                                       nxt_py_quit_future, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(ctx, "Python failed to call loop.run_until_complete");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+
+    nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_shutdown();
+
+    return NXT_OK;
+}
+
+
+static void
+nxt_py_asgi_request_handler(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req)
+{
+    PyObject  *scope, *res, *task, *receive, *send, *done, *asgi;
+
+    if (req->request->websocket_handshake) {
+        asgi = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_create(req);
+
+    } else {
+        asgi = nxt_py_asgi_http_create(req);
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(asgi == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create asgi object");
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    receive = PyObject_GetAttrString(asgi, "receive");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(receive == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to get 'receive' method");
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        goto release_asgi;
+    }
+
+    send = PyObject_GetAttrString(asgi, "send");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(receive == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to get 'send' method");
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        goto release_receive;
+    }
+
+    done = PyObject_GetAttrString(asgi, "_done");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(receive == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to get '_done' method");
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        goto release_send;
+    }
+
+    scope = nxt_py_asgi_create_http_scope(req);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(scope == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        goto release_done;
+    }
+
+    req->data = asgi;
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_application,
+                                       scope, receive, send, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(req, "Python failed to call the application");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        goto release_scope;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(!PyCoro_CheckExact(res))) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(req, "Application result type is not a coroutine");
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+
+        goto release_scope;
+    }
+
+    task = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_loop_create_task, res, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(task == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(req, "Python failed to call the create_task");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+
+        goto release_scope;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(task, nxt_py_add_done_callback_str, done,
+                                     NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(req,
+                           "Python failed to call 'task.add_done_callback'");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        nxt_unit_request_done(req, NXT_UNIT_ERROR);
+
+        goto release_task;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+release_task:
+    Py_DECREF(task);
+release_scope:
+    Py_DECREF(scope);
+release_done:
+    Py_DECREF(done);
+release_send:
+    Py_DECREF(send);
+release_receive:
+    Py_DECREF(receive);
+release_asgi:
+    Py_DECREF(asgi);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_create_http_scope(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req)
+{
+    char                *p, *target, *query;
+    uint32_t            target_length, i;
+    PyObject            *scope, *v, *type, *scheme;
+    PyObject            *headers, *header;
+    nxt_unit_field_t    *f;
+    nxt_unit_request_t  *r;
+
+    static const nxt_str_t  ws_protocol = nxt_string("sec-websocket-protocol");
+
+#define SET_ITEM(dict, key, value) \
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(dict, nxt_py_ ## key ## _str, value)      \
+                      == -1))                                                  \
+    {                                                                          \
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to set '"                       \
+                                #dict "." #key "' item");                      \
+        goto fail;                                                             \
+    }
+
+    v = NULL;
+    headers = NULL;
+
+    r = req->request;
+
+    if (r->websocket_handshake) {
+        type = nxt_py_websocket_str;
+        scheme = r->tls ? nxt_py_wss_str : nxt_py_ws_str;
+
+    } else {
+        type = nxt_py_http_str;
+        scheme = r->tls ? nxt_py_https_str : nxt_py_http_str;
+    }
+
+    scope = nxt_py_asgi_new_scope(req, type, nxt_py_2_1_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(scope == NULL)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    p = nxt_unit_sptr_get(&r->version);
+    SET_ITEM(scope, http_version, p[7] == '1' ? nxt_py_1_1_str
+                                              : nxt_py_1_0_str)
+    SET_ITEM(scope, scheme, scheme)
+
+    v = PyString_FromStringAndSize(nxt_unit_sptr_get(&r->method),
+                                   r->method_length);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'method' string");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    SET_ITEM(scope, method, v)
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+
+    v = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(nxt_unit_sptr_get(&r->path), r->path_length,
+                             "replace");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'path' string");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    SET_ITEM(scope, path, v)
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+
+    target = nxt_unit_sptr_get(&r->target);
+    query = nxt_unit_sptr_get(&r->query);
+
+    if (r->query.offset != 0) {
+        target_length = query - target - 1;
+
+    } else {
+        target_length = r->target_length;
+    }
+
+    v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(target, target_length);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'raw_path' string");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    SET_ITEM(scope, raw_path, v)
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+
+    v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(query, r->query_length);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'query' string");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    SET_ITEM(scope, query_string, v)
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+
+    v = nxt_py_asgi_create_address(&r->remote, r->remote_length, 0);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'client' pair");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    SET_ITEM(scope, client, v)
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+
+    v = nxt_py_asgi_create_address(&r->local, r->local_length, 80);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'server' pair");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    SET_ITEM(scope, server, v)
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+
+    v = NULL;
+
+    headers = PyTuple_New(r->fields_count);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(headers == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'headers' object");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < r->fields_count; i++) {
+        f = r->fields + i;
+
+        header = nxt_py_asgi_create_header(f);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(header == NULL)) {
+            nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'header' pair");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(headers, i, header);
+
+        if (f->hash == NXT_UNIT_HASH_WS_PROTOCOL
+            && f->name_length == ws_protocol.length
+            && f->value_length > 0
+            && r->websocket_handshake)
+        {
+            v = nxt_py_asgi_create_subprotocols(f);
+            if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+                nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Failed to create subprotocols");
+                goto fail;
+            }
+
+            SET_ITEM(scope, subprotocols, v);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SET_ITEM(scope, headers, headers)
+    Py_DECREF(headers);
+
+    return scope;
+
+fail:
+
+    Py_XDECREF(v);
+    Py_XDECREF(headers);
+    Py_DECREF(scope);
+
+    return NULL;
+
+#undef SET_ITEM
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_create_address(nxt_unit_sptr_t *sptr, uint8_t len, uint16_t port)
+{
+    char      *p, *s;
+    PyObject  *pair, *v;
+
+    pair = PyTuple_New(2);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(pair == NULL)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    p = nxt_unit_sptr_get(sptr);
+    s = memchr(p, ':', len);
+
+    v = PyString_FromStringAndSize(p, s == NULL ? len : s - p);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        Py_DECREF(pair);
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(pair, 0, v);
+
+    if (s != NULL) {
+        p += len;
+        v = PyLong_FromString(s + 1, &p, 10);
+
+    } else {
+        v = PyLong_FromLong(port);
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        Py_DECREF(pair);
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(pair, 1, v);
+
+    return pair;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_create_header(nxt_unit_field_t *f)
+{
+    char      c, *name;
+    uint8_t   pos;
+    PyObject  *header, *v;
+
+    header = PyTuple_New(2);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(header == NULL)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    name = nxt_unit_sptr_get(&f->name);
+
+    for (pos = 0; pos < f->name_length; pos++) {
+        c = name[pos];
+        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
+            name[pos] = (c | 0x20);
+        }
+    }
+
+    v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(name, f->name_length);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        Py_DECREF(header);
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(header, 0, v);
+
+    v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(nxt_unit_sptr_get(&f->value),
+                                  f->value_length);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v == NULL)) {
+        Py_DECREF(header);
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(header, 1, v);
+
+    return header;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_create_subprotocols(nxt_unit_field_t *f)
+{
+    char      *v;
+    uint32_t  i, n, start;
+    PyObject  *res, *proto;
+
+    v = nxt_unit_sptr_get(&f->value);
+    n = 1;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < f->value_length; i++) {
+        if (v[i] == ',') {
+            n++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    res = PyTuple_New(n);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    n = 0;
+    start = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < f->value_length; ) {
+        if (v[i] != ',') {
+            i++;
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (i - start > 0) {
+            proto = PyString_FromStringAndSize(v + start, i - start);
+            if (nxt_slow_path(proto == NULL)) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+
+            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, n, proto);
+
+            n++;
+        }
+
+        do {
+            i++;
+        } while (i < f->value_length && v[i] == ' ');
+
+        start = i;
+    }
+
+    if (i - start > 0) {
+        proto = PyString_FromStringAndSize(v + start, i - start);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(proto == NULL)) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, n, proto);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+
+fail:
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int
+nxt_py_asgi_add_port(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx, nxt_unit_port_t *port)
+{
+    int       nb;
+    PyObject  *res;
+
+    if (port->in_fd == -1) {
+        return NXT_UNIT_OK;
+    }
+
+    nb = 1;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ioctl(port->in_fd, FIONBIO, &nb) == -1)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(ctx, "ioctl(%d, FIONBIO, 0) failed: %s (%d)",
+                       port->in_fd, strerror(errno), errno);
+
+        return NXT_UNIT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    nxt_unit_debug(ctx, "asgi_add_port %d %p %p", port->in_fd, ctx, port);
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_loop_add_reader,
+                                       PyLong_FromLong(port->in_fd),
+                                       nxt_py_port_read,
+                                       PyLong_FromVoidPtr(ctx),
+                                       PyLong_FromVoidPtr(port), NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(ctx, "Python failed to add_reader");
+
+        return NXT_UNIT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+
+    return NXT_UNIT_OK;
+}
+
+
+static void
+nxt_py_asgi_remove_port(nxt_unit_t *lib, nxt_unit_port_t *port)
+{
+    PyObject  *res;
+
+    nxt_unit_debug(NULL, "asgi_remove_port %d %p", port->in_fd, port);
+
+    if (port->in_fd == -1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_loop_remove_reader,
+                                       PyLong_FromLong(port->in_fd), NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(NULL, "Python failed to remove_reader");
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+}
+
+
+static void
+nxt_py_asgi_quit(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx)
+{
+    PyObject  *res;
+
+    nxt_unit_debug(ctx, "asgi_quit %p", ctx);
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_quit_future_set_result,
+                                       PyLong_FromLong(0), NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(ctx, "Python failed to set_result");
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+}
+
+
+static void
+nxt_py_asgi_shm_ack_handler(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx)
+{
+    int               rc;
+    nxt_queue_link_t  *lnk;
+
+    while (!nxt_queue_is_empty(&nxt_py_asgi_drain_queue)) {
+        lnk = nxt_queue_first(&nxt_py_asgi_drain_queue);
+
+        rc = nxt_py_asgi_http_drain(lnk);
+        if (rc == NXT_UNIT_AGAIN) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        nxt_queue_remove(lnk);
+    }
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_port_read(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    int              rc;
+    PyObject         *arg;
+    Py_ssize_t       n;
+    nxt_unit_ctx_t   *ctx;
+    nxt_unit_port_t  *port;
+
+    n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
+
+    if (n != 2) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(NULL,
+                       "nxt_py_asgi_port_read: invalid number of arguments %d",
+                       (int) n);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "invalid number of arguments");
+    }
+
+    arg = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(arg == NULL || PyLong_Check(arg) == 0)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "the first argument is not a long");
+    }
+
+    ctx = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(arg);
+
+    arg = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(arg == NULL || PyLong_Check(arg) == 0)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "the second argument is not a long");
+    }
+
+    port = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(arg);
+
+    nxt_unit_debug(ctx, "asgi_port_read %p %p", ctx, port);
+
+    rc = nxt_unit_process_port_msg(ctx, port);
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(rc == NXT_UNIT_ERROR)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "error processing port message");
+    }
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_enum_headers(PyObject *headers, nxt_py_asgi_enum_header_cb cb,
+    void *data)
+{
+    int       i;
+    PyObject  *iter, *header, *h_iter, *name, *val, *res;
+
+    iter = PyObject_GetIter(headers);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(iter == NULL)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'headers' is not an iterable");
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; /* void */; i++) {
+        header = PyIter_Next(iter);
+        if (header == NULL) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        h_iter = PyObject_GetIter(header);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(h_iter == NULL)) {
+            Py_DECREF(header);
+            Py_DECREF(iter);
+
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                "'headers' item #%d is not an iterable", i);
+        }
+
+        name = PyIter_Next(h_iter);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(name == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(name))) {
+            Py_XDECREF(name);
+            Py_DECREF(h_iter);
+            Py_DECREF(header);
+            Py_DECREF(iter);
+
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                          "'headers' item #%d 'name' is not a byte string", i);
+        }
+
+        val = PyIter_Next(h_iter);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(val == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(val))) {
+            Py_XDECREF(val);
+            Py_DECREF(h_iter);
+            Py_DECREF(header);
+            Py_DECREF(iter);
+
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                         "'headers' item #%d 'value' is not a byte string", i);
+        }
+
+        res = cb(data, i, name, val);
+
+        Py_DECREF(name);
+        Py_DECREF(val);
+        Py_DECREF(h_iter);
+        Py_DECREF(header);
+
+        if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+            Py_DECREF(iter);
+
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(iter);
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_calc_size(void *data, int i, PyObject *name, PyObject *val)
+{
+    nxt_py_asgi_calc_size_ctx_t  *ctx;
+
+    ctx = data;
+
+    ctx->fields_count++;
+    ctx->fields_size += PyBytes_GET_SIZE(name) + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(val);
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_add_field(void *data, int i, PyObject *name, PyObject *val)
+{
+    int                          rc;
+    char                         *name_str, *val_str;
+    uint32_t                     name_len, val_len;
+    nxt_off_t                    content_length;
+    nxt_unit_request_info_t      *req;
+    nxt_py_asgi_add_field_ctx_t  *ctx;
+
+    name_str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(name);
+    name_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(name);
+
+    val_str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(val);
+    val_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(val);
+
+    ctx = data;
+    req = ctx->req;
+
+    rc = nxt_unit_response_add_field(req, name_str, name_len,
+                                     val_str, val_len);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to add header #%d", i);
+    }
+
+    if (req->response->fields[i].hash == NXT_UNIT_HASH_CONTENT_LENGTH) {
+        content_length = nxt_off_t_parse((u_char *) val_str, val_len);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(content_length < 0)) {
+            nxt_unit_req_error(req, "failed to parse Content-Length "
+                               "value %.*s", (int) val_len, val_str);
+
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                "Failed to parse Content-Length: '%.*s'",
+                                (int) val_len, val_str);
+        }
+
+        ctx->content_length = content_length;
+    }
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_set_result_soon(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req, PyObject *future,
+    PyObject *result)
+{
+    PyObject  *set_result, *res;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(result == NULL)) {
+        Py_DECREF(future);
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    set_result = PyObject_GetAttrString(future, "set_result");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(set_result == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "failed to get 'set_result' for future");
+
+        Py_CLEAR(future);
+
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyCallable_Check(set_result) == 0)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "'future.set_result' is not a callable");
+
+        Py_CLEAR(future);
+
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_loop_call_soon, set_result,
+                                       result, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to call 'loop.call_soon'");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        Py_CLEAR(future);
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(res);
+
+cleanup:
+
+    Py_DECREF(set_result);
+    Py_DECREF(result);
+
+    return future;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req, PyObject *type)
+{
+    PyObject  *msg;
+
+    msg = PyDict_New();
+    if (nxt_slow_path(msg == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create message dict");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to create message dict");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(msg, nxt_py_type_str, type) == -1)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to set 'msg.type' item");
+
+        Py_DECREF(msg);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to set 'msg.type' item");
+    }
+
+    return msg;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_new_scope(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req, PyObject *type,
+    PyObject *spec_version)
+{
+    PyObject  *scope, *asgi;
+
+    scope = PyDict_New();
+    if (nxt_slow_path(scope == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'scope' dict");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to create 'scope' dict");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(scope, nxt_py_type_str, type) == -1)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to set 'scope.type' item");
+
+        Py_DECREF(scope);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to set 'scope.type' item");
+    }
+
+    asgi = PyDict_New();
+    if (nxt_slow_path(asgi == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create 'asgi' dict");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        Py_DECREF(scope);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to create 'asgi' dict");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(scope, nxt_py_asgi_str, asgi) == -1)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to set 'scope.asgi' item");
+
+        Py_DECREF(asgi);
+        Py_DECREF(scope);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to set 'scope.asgi' item");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(asgi, nxt_py_version_str,
+                                     nxt_py_3_0_str) == -1))
+    {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to set 'asgi.version' item");
+
+        Py_DECREF(asgi);
+        Py_DECREF(scope);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to set 'asgi.version' item");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(asgi, nxt_py_spec_version_str,
+                                     spec_version) == -1))
+    {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req,
+                           "Python failed to set 'asgi.spec_version' item");
+
+        Py_DECREF(asgi);
+        Py_DECREF(scope);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to set 'asgi.spec_version' item");
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(asgi);
+
+    return scope;
+}
+
+
+void
+nxt_py_asgi_dealloc(PyObject *self)
+{
+    PyObject_Del(self);
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_await(PyObject *self)
+{
+    Py_INCREF(self);
+    return self;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_iter(PyObject *self)
+{
+    Py_INCREF(self);
+    return self;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_next(PyObject *self)
+{
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+void
+nxt_python_asgi_done(void)
+{
+    nxt_py_asgi_str_done();
+
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_quit_future);
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_quit_future_set_result);
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete);
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_loop_create_future);
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_loop_create_task);
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_loop_call_soon);
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_loop_add_reader);
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_loop_remove_reader);
+    Py_XDECREF(nxt_py_port_read);
+}
+
+#else /* !(NXT_HAVE_ASGI) */
+
+
+int
+nxt_python_asgi_check(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_python_asgi_init(nxt_task_t *task, nxt_unit_init_t *init)
+{
+    nxt_alert(task, "ASGI not implemented");
+    return NXT_ERROR;
+}
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_python_asgi_run(nxt_unit_ctx_t *ctx)
+{
+    nxt_unit_alert(ctx, "ASGI not implemented");
+    return NXT_ERROR;
+}
+
+
+void
+nxt_python_asgi_done(void)
+{
+}
+
+#endif /* NXT_HAVE_ASGI */
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python_asgi.h b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24337c37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) NGINX, Inc.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _NXT_PYTHON_ASGI_H_INCLUDED_
+#define _NXT_PYTHON_ASGI_H_INCLUDED_
+
+
+typedef PyObject * (*nxt_py_asgi_enum_header_cb)(void *ctx, int i,
+    PyObject *name, PyObject *val);
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t       fields_count;
+    uint32_t       fields_size;
+} nxt_py_asgi_calc_size_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    nxt_unit_request_info_t  *req;
+    uint64_t                 content_length;
+} nxt_py_asgi_add_field_ctx_t;
+
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_enum_headers(PyObject *headers,
+    nxt_py_asgi_enum_header_cb cb, void *data);
+
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_calc_size(void *data, int i, PyObject *n, PyObject *v);
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_add_field(void *data, int i, PyObject *n, PyObject *v);
+
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_set_result_soon(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req,
+    PyObject *future, PyObject *result);
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req, PyObject *type);
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_new_scope(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req, PyObject *type,
+    PyObject *spec_version);
+
+void nxt_py_asgi_dealloc(PyObject *self);
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_await(PyObject *self);
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_iter(PyObject *self);
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_next(PyObject *self);
+
+nxt_int_t nxt_py_asgi_http_init(nxt_task_t *task);
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_http_create(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req);
+void nxt_py_asgi_http_data_handler(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req);
+int nxt_py_asgi_http_drain(nxt_queue_link_t *lnk);
+
+nxt_int_t nxt_py_asgi_websocket_init(nxt_task_t *task);
+PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_create(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req);
+void nxt_py_asgi_websocket_handler(nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t *ws);
+void nxt_py_asgi_websocket_close_handler(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req);
+
+nxt_int_t nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_startup(nxt_task_t *task);
+nxt_int_t nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_shutdown(void);
+
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_create_future;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_loop_create_task;
+
+extern nxt_queue_t  nxt_py_asgi_drain_queue;
+
+
+#endif  /* _NXT_PYTHON_ASGI_H_INCLUDED_ */
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_http.c b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_http.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b07d61d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_http.c
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) NGINX, Inc.
+ */
+
+
+#include <python/nxt_python.h>
+
+#if (NXT_HAVE_ASGI)
+
+#include <nxt_main.h>
+#include <nxt_unit.h>
+#include <nxt_unit_request.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi_str.h>
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    nxt_unit_request_info_t  *req;
+    nxt_queue_link_t         link;
+    PyObject                 *receive_future;
+    PyObject                 *send_future;
+    uint64_t                 content_length;
+    uint64_t                 bytes_sent;
+    int                      complete;
+    PyObject                 *send_body;
+    Py_ssize_t               send_body_off;
+} nxt_py_asgi_http_t;
+
+
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_http_receive(PyObject *self, PyObject *none);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_http_read_msg(nxt_py_asgi_http_t *http);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_http_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_http_response_start(nxt_py_asgi_http_t *http,
+    PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_http_response_body(nxt_py_asgi_http_t *http,
+    PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_http_done(PyObject *self, PyObject *future);
+
+
+static PyMethodDef nxt_py_asgi_http_methods[] = {
+    { "receive",   nxt_py_asgi_http_receive, METH_NOARGS, 0 },
+    { "send",      nxt_py_asgi_http_send,    METH_O,      0 },
+    { "_done",     nxt_py_asgi_http_done,    METH_O,      0 },
+    { NULL, NULL, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+static PyAsyncMethods nxt_py_asgi_async_methods = {
+    .am_await = nxt_py_asgi_await,
+};
+
+static PyTypeObject nxt_py_asgi_http_type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
+
+    .tp_name      = "unit._asgi_http",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(nxt_py_asgi_http_t),
+    .tp_dealloc   = nxt_py_asgi_dealloc,
+    .tp_as_async  = &nxt_py_asgi_async_methods,
+    .tp_flags     = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
+    .tp_doc       = "unit ASGI HTTP request object",
+    .tp_iter      = nxt_py_asgi_iter,
+    .tp_iternext  = nxt_py_asgi_next,
+    .tp_methods   = nxt_py_asgi_http_methods,
+};
+
+static Py_ssize_t  nxt_py_asgi_http_body_buf_size = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_py_asgi_http_init(nxt_task_t *task)
+{
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyType_Ready(&nxt_py_asgi_http_type) != 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to initialize the 'http' type object");
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    return NXT_OK;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_http_create(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req)
+{
+    nxt_py_asgi_http_t  *http;
+
+    http = PyObject_New(nxt_py_asgi_http_t, &nxt_py_asgi_http_type);
+
+    if (nxt_fast_path(http != NULL)) {
+        http->req = req;
+        http->receive_future = NULL;
+        http->send_future = NULL;
+        http->content_length = -1;
+        http->bytes_sent = 0;
+        http->complete = 0;
+        http->send_body = NULL;
+        http->send_body_off = 0;
+    }
+
+    return (PyObject *) http;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_http_receive(PyObject *self, PyObject *none)
+{
+    PyObject                 *msg, *future;
+    nxt_py_asgi_http_t       *http;
+    nxt_unit_request_info_t  *req;
+
+    http = (nxt_py_asgi_http_t *) self;
+    req = http->req;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(req, "asgi_http_receive");
+
+    msg = nxt_py_asgi_http_read_msg(http);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(msg == NULL)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    future = PyObject_CallObject(nxt_py_loop_create_future, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(future == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create Future object");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        Py_DECREF(msg);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to create Future object");
+    }
+
+    if (msg != Py_None) {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_set_result_soon(req, future, msg);
+    }
+
+    http->receive_future = future;
+    Py_INCREF(http->receive_future);
+
+    Py_DECREF(msg);
+
+    return future;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_http_read_msg(nxt_py_asgi_http_t *http)
+{
+    char                     *body_buf;
+    ssize_t                  read_res;
+    PyObject                 *msg, *body;
+    Py_ssize_t               size;
+    nxt_unit_request_info_t  *req;
+
+    req = http->req;
+
+    size = req->content_length;
+
+    if (size > nxt_py_asgi_http_body_buf_size) {
+        size = nxt_py_asgi_http_body_buf_size;
+    }
+
+    if (size > 0) {
+        body = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(body == NULL)) {
+            nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "Python failed to create body byte string");
+            nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "failed to create Bytes object");
+        }
+
+        body_buf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(body);
+
+        read_res = nxt_unit_request_read(req, body_buf, size);
+
+    } else {
+        body = NULL;
+        read_res = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (read_res > 0 || read_res == size) {
+        msg = nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(req, nxt_py_http_request_str);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(msg == NULL)) {
+            Py_XDECREF(body);
+
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+#define SET_ITEM(dict, key, value) \
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(dict, nxt_py_ ## key ## _str, value)      \
+                        == -1))                                                \
+    {                                                                          \
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req,                                                \
+                           "Python failed to set '" #dict "." #key "' item");  \
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,                                    \
+                        "Python failed to set '" #dict "." #key "' item");     \
+        goto fail;                                                             \
+    }
+
+        if (body != NULL) {
+            SET_ITEM(msg, body, body)
+        }
+
+        if (req->content_length > 0) {
+            SET_ITEM(msg, more_body, Py_True)
+        }
+
+#undef SET_ITEM
+
+        Py_XDECREF(body);
+
+        return msg;
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(body);
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+
+fail:
+
+    Py_DECREF(msg);
+    Py_XDECREF(body);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_http_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *dict)
+{
+    PyObject            *type;
+    const char          *type_str;
+    Py_ssize_t          type_len;
+    nxt_py_asgi_http_t  *http;
+
+    static const nxt_str_t  response_start = nxt_string("http.response.start");
+    static const nxt_str_t  response_body = nxt_string("http.response.body");
+
+    http = (nxt_py_asgi_http_t *) self;
+
+    type = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_type_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(type == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(type))) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(http->req, "asgi_http_send: "
+                                      "'type' is not a unicode string");
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'type' is not a unicode string");
+    }
+
+    type_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(type, &type_len);
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(http->req, "asgi_http_send type is '%.*s'",
+                       (int) type_len, type_str);
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) response_start.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, response_start.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_http_response_start(http, dict);
+    }
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) response_body.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, response_body.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_http_response_body(http, dict);
+    }
+
+    nxt_unit_req_error(http->req, "asgi_http_send: unexpected 'type': '%.*s'",
+                       (int) type_len, type_str);
+
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_AssertionError, "unexpected 'type': '%U'", type);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_http_response_start(nxt_py_asgi_http_t *http, PyObject *dict)
+{
+    int                          rc;
+    PyObject                     *status, *headers, *res;
+    nxt_py_asgi_calc_size_ctx_t  calc_size_ctx;
+    nxt_py_asgi_add_field_ctx_t  add_field_ctx;
+
+    status = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_status_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(status == NULL || !PyLong_Check(status))) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(http->req, "asgi_http_response_start: "
+                                      "'status' is not an integer");
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'status' is not an integer");
+    }
+
+    calc_size_ctx.fields_size = 0;
+    calc_size_ctx.fields_count = 0;
+
+    headers = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_headers_str);
+    if (headers != NULL) {
+        res = nxt_py_asgi_enum_headers(headers, nxt_py_asgi_calc_size,
+                                       &calc_size_ctx);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+    }
+
+    rc = nxt_unit_response_init(http->req, PyLong_AsLong(status),
+                                calc_size_ctx.fields_count,
+                                calc_size_ctx.fields_size);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to allocate response object");
+    }
+
+    add_field_ctx.req = http->req;
+    add_field_ctx.content_length = -1;
+
+    if (headers != NULL) {
+        res = nxt_py_asgi_enum_headers(headers, nxt_py_asgi_add_field,
+                                       &add_field_ctx);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+    }
+
+    http->content_length = add_field_ctx.content_length;
+
+    Py_INCREF(http);
+    return (PyObject *) http;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_http_response_body(nxt_py_asgi_http_t *http, PyObject *dict)
+{
+    int         rc;
+    char        *body_str;
+    ssize_t     sent;
+    PyObject    *body, *more_body, *future;
+    Py_ssize_t  body_len, body_off;
+
+    body = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_body_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(body != NULL && !PyBytes_Check(body))) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'body' is not a byte string");
+    }
+
+    more_body = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_more_body_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(more_body != NULL && !PyBool_Check(more_body))) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'more_body' is not a bool");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(http->complete)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "Unexpected ASGI message 'http.response.body' "
+                            "sent, after response already completed");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(http->send_future != NULL)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Concurrent send");
+    }
+
+    if (body != NULL) {
+        body_str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(body);
+        body_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(body);
+
+        nxt_unit_req_debug(http->req, "asgi_http_response_body: %d, %d",
+                           (int) body_len, (more_body == Py_True) );
+
+        if (nxt_slow_path(http->bytes_sent + body_len
+                              > http->content_length))
+        {
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "Response content longer than Content-Length");
+        }
+
+        body_off = 0;
+
+        while (body_len > 0) {
+            sent = nxt_unit_response_write_nb(http->req, body_str, body_len, 0);
+            if (nxt_slow_path(sent < 0)) {
+                return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to send body");
+            }
+
+            if (nxt_slow_path(sent == 0)) {
+                nxt_unit_req_debug(http->req, "asgi_http_response_body: "
+                                   "out of shared memory, %d",
+                                   (int) body_len);
+
+                future = PyObject_CallObject(nxt_py_loop_create_future, NULL);
+                if (nxt_slow_path(future == NULL)) {
+                    nxt_unit_req_alert(http->req,
+                                       "Python failed to create Future object");
+                    nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+                    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                        "failed to create Future object");
+                }
+
+                http->send_body = body;
+                Py_INCREF(http->send_body);
+                http->send_body_off = body_off;
+
+                nxt_queue_insert_tail(&nxt_py_asgi_drain_queue, &http->link);
+
+                http->send_future = future;
+                Py_INCREF(http->send_future);
+
+                return future;
+            }
+
+            body_str += sent;
+            body_len -= sent;
+            body_off += sent;
+            http->bytes_sent += sent;
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        nxt_unit_req_debug(http->req, "asgi_http_response_body: 0, %d",
+                           (more_body == Py_True) );
+
+        if (!nxt_unit_response_is_sent(http->req)) {
+            rc = nxt_unit_response_send(http->req);
+            if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+                return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                    "failed to send response");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (more_body == NULL || more_body == Py_False) {
+        http->complete = 1;
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(http);
+    return (PyObject *) http;
+}
+
+
+void
+nxt_py_asgi_http_data_handler(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req)
+{
+    PyObject            *msg, *future, *res;
+    nxt_py_asgi_http_t  *http;
+
+    http = req->data;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(req, "asgi_http_data_handler");
+
+    if (http->receive_future == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    msg = nxt_py_asgi_http_read_msg(http);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(msg == NULL)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (msg == Py_None) {
+        Py_DECREF(msg);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    future = http->receive_future;
+    http->receive_future = NULL;
+
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_result_str, msg, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(req, "'set_result' call failed");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(res);
+    Py_DECREF(future);
+
+    Py_DECREF(msg);
+}
+
+
+int
+nxt_py_asgi_http_drain(nxt_queue_link_t *lnk)
+{
+    char                *body_str;
+    ssize_t             sent;
+    PyObject            *future, *exc, *res;
+    Py_ssize_t          body_len;
+    nxt_py_asgi_http_t  *http;
+
+    http = nxt_container_of(lnk, nxt_py_asgi_http_t, link);
+
+    body_str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(http->send_body) + http->send_body_off;
+    body_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(http->send_body) - http->send_body_off;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(http->req, "asgi_http_drain: %d", (int) body_len);
+
+    while (body_len > 0) {
+        sent = nxt_unit_response_write_nb(http->req, body_str, body_len, 0);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(sent < 0)) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (nxt_slow_path(sent == 0)) {
+            return NXT_UNIT_AGAIN;
+        }
+
+        body_str += sent;
+        body_len -= sent;
+
+        http->send_body_off += sent;
+        http->bytes_sent += sent;
+    }
+
+    Py_CLEAR(http->send_body);
+
+    future = http->send_future;
+    http->send_future = NULL;
+
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_result_str, Py_None,
+                                     NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(http->req, "'set_result' call failed");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(res);
+    Py_DECREF(future);
+
+    return NXT_UNIT_OK;
+
+fail:
+
+    exc = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                       nxt_py_failed_to_send_body_str,
+                                       NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(exc == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(http->req, "RuntimeError create failed");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        exc = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(exc);
+    }
+
+    future = http->send_future;
+    http->send_future = NULL;
+
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_exception_str, exc,
+                                     NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(http->req, "'set_exception' call failed");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(res);
+    Py_DECREF(future);
+    Py_DECREF(exc);
+
+    return NXT_UNIT_ERROR;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_http_done(PyObject *self, PyObject *future)
+{
+    int                 rc;
+    PyObject            *res;
+    nxt_py_asgi_http_t  *http;
+
+    http = (nxt_py_asgi_http_t *) self;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(http->req, "asgi_http_done");
+
+    /*
+     * Get Future.result() and it raises an exception, if coroutine exited
+     * with exception.
+     */
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_result_str, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(http->req,
+                           "Python failed to call 'future.result()'");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        rc = NXT_UNIT_ERROR;
+
+    } else {
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+
+        rc = NXT_UNIT_OK;
+    }
+
+    nxt_unit_request_done(http->req, rc);
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+#endif /* NXT_HAVE_ASGI */
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_lifespan.c b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_lifespan.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14d0ee97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_lifespan.c
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) NGINX, Inc.
+ */
+
+
+#include <python/nxt_python.h>
+
+#if (NXT_HAVE_ASGI)
+
+#include <nxt_main.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi_str.h>
+
+
+typedef struct  {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    int       disabled;
+    int       startup_received;
+    int       startup_sent;
+    int       shutdown_received;
+    int       shutdown_sent;
+    int       shutdown_called;
+    PyObject  *startup_future;
+    PyObject  *shutdown_future;
+    PyObject  *receive_future;
+} nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t;
+
+
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_receive(PyObject *self, PyObject *none);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_startup(
+    nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *lifespan, int v, PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_(nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *lifespan,
+    int v, int *sent, PyObject **future);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_shutdown(
+    nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *lifespan, int v, PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_disable(nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *lifespan);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_done(PyObject *self, PyObject *future);
+
+
+static nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t  *nxt_py_lifespan;
+
+static PyMethodDef nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_methods[] = {
+    { "receive",   nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_receive, METH_NOARGS, 0 },
+    { "send",      nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send,    METH_O,      0 },
+    { "_done",     nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_done,    METH_O,      0 },
+    { NULL, NULL, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+static PyAsyncMethods nxt_py_asgi_async_methods = {
+    .am_await = nxt_py_asgi_await,
+};
+
+static PyTypeObject nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
+
+    .tp_name      = "unit._asgi_lifespan",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t),
+    .tp_dealloc   = nxt_py_asgi_dealloc,
+    .tp_as_async  = &nxt_py_asgi_async_methods,
+    .tp_flags     = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
+    .tp_doc       = "unit ASGI Lifespan object",
+    .tp_iter      = nxt_py_asgi_iter,
+    .tp_iternext  = nxt_py_asgi_next,
+    .tp_methods   = nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_methods,
+};
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_startup(nxt_task_t *task)
+{
+    PyObject                *scope, *res, *py_task, *receive, *send, *done;
+    nxt_int_t               rc;
+    nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t  *lifespan;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyType_Ready(&nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_type) != 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task,
+                 "Python failed to initialize the 'asgi_lifespan' type object");
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    lifespan = PyObject_New(nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t, &nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_type);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(lifespan == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to create lifespan object");
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    rc = NXT_ERROR;
+
+    receive = PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *) lifespan, "receive");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(receive == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'receive' method");
+        goto release_lifespan;
+    }
+
+    send = PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *) lifespan, "send");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(receive == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get 'send' method");
+        goto release_receive;
+    }
+
+    done = PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *) lifespan, "_done");
+    if (nxt_slow_path(receive == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to get '_done' method");
+        goto release_send;
+    }
+
+    lifespan->startup_future = PyObject_CallObject(nxt_py_loop_create_future,
+                                                   NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(lifespan->startup_future == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(NULL, "Python failed to create Future object");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        goto release_done;
+    }
+
+    lifespan->disabled = 0;
+    lifespan->startup_received = 0;
+    lifespan->startup_sent = 0;
+    lifespan->shutdown_received = 0;
+    lifespan->shutdown_sent = 0;
+    lifespan->shutdown_called = 0;
+    lifespan->shutdown_future = NULL;
+    lifespan->receive_future = NULL;
+
+    scope = nxt_py_asgi_new_scope(NULL, nxt_py_lifespan_str, nxt_py_2_0_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(scope == NULL)) {
+        goto release_future;
+    }
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_application,
+                                       scope, receive, send, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_log(task, NXT_LOG_ERR, "Python failed to call the application");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        goto release_scope;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(!PyCoro_CheckExact(res))) {
+        nxt_log(task, NXT_LOG_ERR,
+                "Application result type is not a coroutine");
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+        goto release_scope;
+    }
+
+    py_task = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_loop_create_task, res, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(py_task == NULL)) {
+        nxt_log(task, NXT_LOG_ERR, "Python failed to call the create_task");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+        goto release_scope;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(py_task, nxt_py_add_done_callback_str,
+                                     done, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_log(task, NXT_LOG_ERR,
+                              "Python failed to call 'task.add_done_callback'");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        goto release_task;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete,
+                                       lifespan->startup_future, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_alert(task, "Python failed to call loop.run_until_complete");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        goto release_task;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+
+    if (lifespan->startup_sent == 1 || lifespan->disabled) {
+        nxt_py_lifespan = lifespan;
+        Py_INCREF(nxt_py_lifespan);
+
+        rc = NXT_OK;
+    }
+
+release_task:
+    Py_DECREF(py_task);
+release_scope:
+    Py_DECREF(scope);
+release_future:
+    Py_CLEAR(lifespan->startup_future);
+release_done:
+    Py_DECREF(done);
+release_send:
+    Py_DECREF(send);
+release_receive:
+    Py_DECREF(receive);
+release_lifespan:
+    Py_DECREF(lifespan);
+
+    return rc;
+}
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_shutdown(void)
+{
+    PyObject                *msg, *future, *res;
+    nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t  *lifespan;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_py_lifespan == NULL || nxt_py_lifespan->disabled)) {
+        return NXT_OK;
+    }
+
+    lifespan = nxt_py_lifespan;
+    lifespan->shutdown_called = 1;
+
+    if (lifespan->receive_future != NULL) {
+        future = lifespan->receive_future;
+        lifespan->receive_future = NULL;
+
+        msg = nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(NULL, nxt_py_lifespan_shutdown_str);
+
+        if (nxt_fast_path(msg != NULL)) {
+            res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_result_str,
+                                             msg, NULL);
+            Py_XDECREF(res);
+            Py_DECREF(msg);
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(future);
+    }
+
+    if (lifespan->shutdown_sent) {
+        return NXT_OK;
+    }
+
+    lifespan->shutdown_future = PyObject_CallObject(nxt_py_loop_create_future,
+                                                    NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(lifespan->shutdown_future == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(NULL, "Python failed to create Future object");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(nxt_py_loop_run_until_complete,
+                                       lifespan->shutdown_future, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(NULL, "Python failed to call loop.run_until_complete");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+    Py_CLEAR(lifespan->shutdown_future);
+
+    return NXT_OK;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_receive(PyObject *self, PyObject *none)
+{
+    PyObject                *msg, *future;
+    nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t  *lifespan;
+
+    lifespan = (nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *) self;
+
+    nxt_unit_debug(NULL, "asgi_lifespan_receive");
+
+    future = PyObject_CallObject(nxt_py_loop_create_future, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(future == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_alert(NULL, "Python failed to create Future object");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to create Future object");
+    }
+
+    if (!lifespan->startup_received) {
+        lifespan->startup_received = 1;
+
+        msg = nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(NULL, nxt_py_lifespan_startup_str);
+
+        return nxt_py_asgi_set_result_soon(NULL, future, msg);
+    }
+
+    if (lifespan->shutdown_called && !lifespan->shutdown_received) {
+        lifespan->shutdown_received = 1;
+
+        msg = nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(NULL, nxt_py_lifespan_shutdown_str);
+
+        return nxt_py_asgi_set_result_soon(NULL, future, msg);
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(future);
+    lifespan->receive_future = future;
+
+    return future;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *dict)
+{
+    PyObject                *type, *msg;
+    const char              *type_str;
+    Py_ssize_t              type_len;
+    nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t  *lifespan;
+
+    static const nxt_str_t  startup_complete
+                                = nxt_string("lifespan.startup.complete");
+    static const nxt_str_t  startup_failed
+                                = nxt_string("lifespan.startup.failed");
+    static const nxt_str_t  shutdown_complete
+                                = nxt_string("lifespan.shutdown.complete");
+    static const nxt_str_t  shutdown_failed
+                                = nxt_string("lifespan.shutdown.failed");
+
+    lifespan = (nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *) self;
+
+    type = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_type_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(type == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(type))) {
+        nxt_unit_error(NULL,
+                       "asgi_lifespan_send: 'type' is not a unicode string");
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "'type' is not a unicode string");
+    }
+
+    type_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(type, &type_len);
+
+    nxt_unit_debug(NULL, "asgi_lifespan_send type is '%.*s'",
+                   (int) type_len, type_str);
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) startup_complete.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, startup_complete.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_startup(lifespan, 0, NULL);
+    }
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) startup_failed.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, startup_failed.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        msg = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_message_str);
+        return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_startup(lifespan, 1, msg);
+    }
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) shutdown_complete.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, shutdown_complete.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_shutdown(lifespan, 0, NULL);
+    }
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) shutdown_failed.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, shutdown_failed.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        msg = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_message_str);
+        return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_shutdown(lifespan, 1, msg);
+    }
+
+    return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_disable(lifespan);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_startup(nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *lifespan, int v,
+    PyObject *message)
+{
+    const char  *message_str;
+    Py_ssize_t  message_len;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(v != 0)) {
+        nxt_unit_error(NULL, "Application startup failed");
+
+        if (nxt_fast_path(message != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(message))) {
+            message_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(message, &message_len);
+
+            nxt_unit_error(NULL, "%.*s", (int) message_len, message_str);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_(lifespan, v,
+                                      &lifespan->startup_sent,
+                                      &lifespan->startup_future);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_(nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *lifespan, int v, int *sent,
+    PyObject **pfuture)
+{
+    PyObject  *future, *res;
+
+    if (*sent) {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_disable(lifespan);
+    }
+
+    *sent = 1 + v;
+
+    if (*pfuture != NULL) {
+        future = *pfuture;
+        *pfuture = NULL;
+
+        res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_result_str,
+                                         Py_None, NULL);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+            nxt_unit_alert(NULL, "Failed to call 'future.set_result'");
+            nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+            return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_disable(lifespan);
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+        Py_DECREF(future);
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(lifespan);
+
+    return (PyObject *) lifespan;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_disable(nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *lifespan)
+{
+    nxt_unit_warn(NULL, "Got invalid state transition on lifespan protocol");
+
+    lifespan->disabled = 1;
+
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_AssertionError,
+                        "Got invalid state transition on lifespan protocol");
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_shutdown(nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *lifespan, int v,
+    PyObject *message)
+{
+    return nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_send_(lifespan, v,
+                                      &lifespan->shutdown_sent,
+                                      &lifespan->shutdown_future);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_done(PyObject *self, PyObject *future)
+{
+    PyObject                *res;
+    nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t  *lifespan;
+
+    nxt_unit_debug(NULL, "asgi_lifespan_done");
+
+    lifespan = (nxt_py_asgi_lifespan_t *) self;
+
+    if (lifespan->startup_sent == 0) {
+        lifespan->disabled = 1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Get Future.result() and it raises an exception, if coroutine exited
+     * with exception.
+     */
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_result_str, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_log(NULL, NXT_UNIT_LOG_INFO,
+                     "ASGI Lifespan processing exception");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(res);
+
+    if (lifespan->startup_future != NULL) {
+        future = lifespan->startup_future;
+        lifespan->startup_future = NULL;
+
+        res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_result_str,
+                                         Py_None, NULL);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+            nxt_unit_alert(NULL, "Failed to call 'future.set_result'");
+            nxt_python_print_exception();
+        }
+
+        Py_XDECREF(res);
+        Py_DECREF(future);
+    }
+
+    if (lifespan->shutdown_future != NULL) {
+        future = lifespan->shutdown_future;
+        lifespan->shutdown_future = NULL;
+
+        res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_result_str,
+                                         Py_None, NULL);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+            nxt_unit_alert(NULL, "Failed to call 'future.set_result'");
+            nxt_python_print_exception();
+        }
+
+        Py_XDECREF(res);
+        Py_DECREF(future);
+    }
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+#endif /* NXT_HAVE_ASGI */
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_str.c b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_str.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37fa7f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_str.c
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) NGINX, Inc.
+ */
+
+
+#include <python/nxt_python.h>
+
+#if (NXT_HAVE_ASGI)
+
+#include <nxt_main.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi_str.h>
+
+
+PyObject  *nxt_py_1_0_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_1_1_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_2_0_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_2_1_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_3_0_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_add_done_callback_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_asgi_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_bad_state_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_body_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_bytes_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_client_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_code_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_done_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_exception_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_failed_to_send_body_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_headers_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_http_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_http_disconnect_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_http_request_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_http_version_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_https_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_lifespan_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_lifespan_shutdown_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_lifespan_startup_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_method_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_message_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_message_too_big_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_more_body_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_path_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_query_string_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_raw_path_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_result_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_root_path_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_scheme_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_server_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_set_exception_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_set_result_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_spec_version_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_status_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_subprotocol_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_subprotocols_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_text_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_type_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_version_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_accept_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_close_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_connect_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_disconnect_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_receive_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_send_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_ws_str;
+PyObject  *nxt_py_wss_str;
+
+static nxt_python_string_t nxt_py_asgi_strings[] = {
+    { nxt_string("1.0"), &nxt_py_1_0_str },
+    { nxt_string("1.1"), &nxt_py_1_1_str },
+    { nxt_string("2.0"), &nxt_py_2_0_str },
+    { nxt_string("2.1"), &nxt_py_2_1_str },
+    { nxt_string("3.0"), &nxt_py_3_0_str },
+    { nxt_string("add_done_callback"), &nxt_py_add_done_callback_str },
+    { nxt_string("asgi"), &nxt_py_asgi_str },
+    { nxt_string("bad state"), &nxt_py_bad_state_str },
+    { nxt_string("body"), &nxt_py_body_str },
+    { nxt_string("bytes"), &nxt_py_bytes_str },
+    { nxt_string("client"), &nxt_py_client_str },
+    { nxt_string("code"), &nxt_py_code_str },
+    { nxt_string("done"), &nxt_py_done_str },
+    { nxt_string("exception"), &nxt_py_exception_str },
+    { nxt_string("failed to send body"), &nxt_py_failed_to_send_body_str },
+    { nxt_string("headers"), &nxt_py_headers_str },
+    { nxt_string("http"), &nxt_py_http_str },
+    { nxt_string("http.disconnect"), &nxt_py_http_disconnect_str },
+    { nxt_string("http.request"), &nxt_py_http_request_str },
+    { nxt_string("http_version"), &nxt_py_http_version_str },
+    { nxt_string("https"), &nxt_py_https_str },
+    { nxt_string("lifespan"), &nxt_py_lifespan_str },
+    { nxt_string("lifespan.shutdown"), &nxt_py_lifespan_shutdown_str },
+    { nxt_string("lifespan.startup"), &nxt_py_lifespan_startup_str },
+    { nxt_string("message"), &nxt_py_message_str },
+    { nxt_string("message too big"), &nxt_py_message_too_big_str },
+    { nxt_string("method"), &nxt_py_method_str },
+    { nxt_string("more_body"), &nxt_py_more_body_str },
+    { nxt_string("path"), &nxt_py_path_str },
+    { nxt_string("query_string"), &nxt_py_query_string_str },
+    { nxt_string("raw_path"), &nxt_py_raw_path_str },
+    { nxt_string("result"), &nxt_py_result_str },
+    { nxt_string("root_path"), &nxt_py_root_path_str }, // not used
+    { nxt_string("scheme"), &nxt_py_scheme_str },
+    { nxt_string("server"), &nxt_py_server_str },
+    { nxt_string("set_exception"), &nxt_py_set_exception_str },
+    { nxt_string("set_result"), &nxt_py_set_result_str },
+    { nxt_string("spec_version"), &nxt_py_spec_version_str },
+    { nxt_string("status"), &nxt_py_status_str },
+    { nxt_string("subprotocol"), &nxt_py_subprotocol_str },
+    { nxt_string("subprotocols"), &nxt_py_subprotocols_str },
+    { nxt_string("text"), &nxt_py_text_str },
+    { nxt_string("type"), &nxt_py_type_str },
+    { nxt_string("version"), &nxt_py_version_str },
+    { nxt_string("websocket"), &nxt_py_websocket_str },
+    { nxt_string("websocket.accept"), &nxt_py_websocket_accept_str },
+    { nxt_string("websocket.close"), &nxt_py_websocket_close_str },
+    { nxt_string("websocket.connect"), &nxt_py_websocket_connect_str },
+    { nxt_string("websocket.disconnect"), &nxt_py_websocket_disconnect_str },
+    { nxt_string("websocket.receive"), &nxt_py_websocket_receive_str },
+    { nxt_string("websocket.send"), &nxt_py_websocket_send_str },
+    { nxt_string("ws"), &nxt_py_ws_str },
+    { nxt_string("wss"), &nxt_py_wss_str },
+    { nxt_null_string, NULL },
+};
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_py_asgi_str_init(void)
+{
+    return nxt_python_init_strings(nxt_py_asgi_strings);
+}
+
+
+void
+nxt_py_asgi_str_done(void)
+{
+    nxt_python_done_strings(nxt_py_asgi_strings);
+}
+
+
+#endif /* NXT_HAVE_ASGI */
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_str.h b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_str.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3f389c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_str.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) NGINX, Inc.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _NXT_PYTHON_ASGI_STR_H_INCLUDED_
+#define _NXT_PYTHON_ASGI_STR_H_INCLUDED_
+
+
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_1_0_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_1_1_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_2_0_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_2_1_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_3_0_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_add_done_callback_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_asgi_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_bad_state_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_body_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_bytes_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_client_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_code_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_done_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_exception_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_failed_to_send_body_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_headers_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_http_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_http_disconnect_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_http_request_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_http_version_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_https_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_lifespan_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_lifespan_shutdown_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_lifespan_startup_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_method_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_message_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_message_too_big_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_more_body_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_path_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_query_string_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_result_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_raw_path_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_root_path_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_scheme_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_server_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_set_exception_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_set_result_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_spec_version_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_status_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_subprotocol_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_subprotocols_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_text_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_type_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_version_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_accept_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_close_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_connect_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_disconnect_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_receive_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_websocket_send_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_ws_str;
+extern PyObject  *nxt_py_wss_str;
+
+
+nxt_int_t nxt_py_asgi_str_init(void);
+void nxt_py_asgi_str_done(void);
+
+
+#endif  /* _NXT_PYTHON_ASGI_STR_H_INCLUDED_ */
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_websocket.c b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_websocket.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a27b588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python_asgi_websocket.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1084 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) NGINX, Inc.
+ */
+
+
+#include <python/nxt_python.h>
+
+#if (NXT_HAVE_ASGI)
+
+#include <nxt_main.h>
+#include <nxt_unit.h>
+#include <nxt_unit_request.h>
+#include <nxt_unit_websocket.h>
+#include <nxt_websocket_header.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi.h>
+#include <python/nxt_python_asgi_str.h>
+
+
+enum {
+    NXT_WS_INIT,
+    NXT_WS_CONNECT,
+    NXT_WS_ACCEPTED,
+    NXT_WS_DISCONNECTED,
+    NXT_WS_CLOSED,
+};
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    nxt_queue_link_t            link;
+    nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t  *frame;
+} nxt_py_asgi_penging_frame_t;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    nxt_unit_request_info_t  *req;
+    PyObject                 *receive_future;
+    PyObject                 *receive_exc_str;
+    int                      state;
+    nxt_queue_t              pending_frames;
+    uint64_t                 pending_payload_len;
+    uint64_t                 pending_frame_len;
+    int                      pending_fins;
+} nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t;
+
+
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive(PyObject *self, PyObject *none);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_accept(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws,
+    PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_close(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws,
+    PyObject *dict);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_send_frame(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws,
+    PyObject *dict);
+static void nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive_done(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws,
+    PyObject *msg);
+static void nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive_fail(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws,
+    PyObject *exc);
+static void nxt_py_asgi_websocket_suspend_frame(nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t *f);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_msg(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws,
+    nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t *frame);
+static uint64_t nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pending_len(
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws);
+static nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_frame(
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_disconnect_msg(
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws);
+static PyObject *nxt_py_asgi_websocket_done(PyObject *self, PyObject *future);
+
+
+static PyMethodDef nxt_py_asgi_websocket_methods[] = {
+    { "receive",   nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive, METH_NOARGS, 0 },
+    { "send",      nxt_py_asgi_websocket_send,    METH_O,      0 },
+    { "_done",     nxt_py_asgi_websocket_done,    METH_O,      0 },
+    { NULL, NULL, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+static PyAsyncMethods nxt_py_asgi_async_methods = {
+    .am_await = nxt_py_asgi_await,
+};
+
+static PyTypeObject nxt_py_asgi_websocket_type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
+
+    .tp_name      = "unit._asgi_websocket",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t),
+    .tp_dealloc   = nxt_py_asgi_dealloc,
+    .tp_as_async  = &nxt_py_asgi_async_methods,
+    .tp_flags     = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
+    .tp_doc       = "unit ASGI WebSocket connection object",
+    .tp_iter      = nxt_py_asgi_iter,
+    .tp_iternext  = nxt_py_asgi_next,
+    .tp_methods   = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_methods,
+};
+
+static uint64_t  nxt_py_asgi_ws_max_frame_size = 1024 * 1024;
+static uint64_t  nxt_py_asgi_ws_max_buffer_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+
+nxt_int_t
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_init(nxt_task_t *task)
+{
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyType_Ready(&nxt_py_asgi_websocket_type) != 0)) {
+        nxt_alert(task,
+              "Python failed to initialize the \"asgi_websocket\" type object");
+        return NXT_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    return NXT_OK;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_create(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req)
+{
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t  *ws;
+
+    ws = PyObject_New(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t, &nxt_py_asgi_websocket_type);
+
+    if (nxt_fast_path(ws != NULL)) {
+        ws->req = req;
+        ws->receive_future = NULL;
+        ws->receive_exc_str = NULL;
+        ws->state = NXT_WS_INIT;
+        nxt_queue_init(&ws->pending_frames);
+        ws->pending_payload_len = 0;
+        ws->pending_frame_len = 0;
+        ws->pending_fins = 0;
+    }
+
+    return (PyObject *) ws;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive(PyObject *self, PyObject *none)
+{
+    PyObject                 *future, *msg;
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t  *ws;
+
+    ws = (nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *) self;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_receive");
+
+    /* If exception happened out of receive() call, raise it now. */
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->receive_exc_str != NULL)) {
+        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_RuntimeError, ws->receive_exc_str);
+
+        ws->receive_exc_str = NULL;
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_CLOSED)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(ws->req,
+                           "receive() called for closed WebSocket");
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "WebSocket already closed");
+    }
+
+    future = PyObject_CallObject(nxt_py_loop_create_future, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(future == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "Python failed to create Future object");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to create Future object");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_INIT)) {
+        ws->state = NXT_WS_CONNECT;
+
+        msg = nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(ws->req, nxt_py_websocket_connect_str);
+
+        return nxt_py_asgi_set_result_soon(ws->req, future, msg);
+    }
+
+    if (ws->pending_fins > 0) {
+        msg = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_msg(ws, NULL);
+
+        return nxt_py_asgi_set_result_soon(ws->req, future, msg);
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_DISCONNECTED)) {
+        msg = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_disconnect_msg(ws);
+
+        return nxt_py_asgi_set_result_soon(ws->req, future, msg);
+    }
+
+    ws->receive_future = future;
+    Py_INCREF(ws->receive_future);
+
+    return future;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *dict)
+{
+    PyObject                 *type;
+    const char               *type_str;
+    Py_ssize_t               type_len;
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t  *ws;
+
+    static const nxt_str_t  websocket_accept = nxt_string("websocket.accept");
+    static const nxt_str_t  websocket_close = nxt_string("websocket.close");
+    static const nxt_str_t  websocket_send = nxt_string("websocket.send");
+
+    ws = (nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *) self;
+
+    type = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_type_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(type == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(type))) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_send: "
+                           "'type' is not a unicode string");
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "'type' is not a unicode string");
+    }
+
+    type_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(type, &type_len);
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_send type is '%.*s'",
+                       (int) type_len, type_str);
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) websocket_accept.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, websocket_accept.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_websocket_accept(ws, dict);
+    }
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) websocket_close.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, websocket_close.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_websocket_close(ws, dict);
+    }
+
+    if (type_len == (Py_ssize_t) websocket_send.length
+        && memcmp(type_str, websocket_send.start, type_len) == 0)
+    {
+        return nxt_py_asgi_websocket_send_frame(ws, dict);
+    }
+
+    nxt_unit_req_error(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_send: "
+                       "unexpected 'type': '%.*s'", (int) type_len, type_str);
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_AssertionError, "unexpected 'type': '%U'", type);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_accept(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws, PyObject *dict)
+{
+    int                          rc;
+    char                         *subprotocol_str;
+    PyObject                     *res, *headers, *subprotocol;
+    Py_ssize_t                   subprotocol_len;
+    nxt_py_asgi_calc_size_ctx_t  calc_size_ctx;
+    nxt_py_asgi_add_field_ctx_t  add_field_ctx;
+
+    static const nxt_str_t  ws_protocol = nxt_string("sec-websocket-protocol");
+
+    switch(ws->state) {
+    case NXT_WS_INIT:
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "WebSocket connect not received");
+    case NXT_WS_CONNECT:
+        break;
+
+    case NXT_WS_ACCEPTED:
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "WebSocket already accepted");
+
+    case NXT_WS_DISCONNECTED:
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "WebSocket disconnected");
+
+    case NXT_WS_CLOSED:
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "WebSocket already closed");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_unit_response_is_websocket(ws->req))) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "WebSocket already accepted");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(nxt_unit_response_is_sent(ws->req))) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "response already sent");
+    }
+
+    calc_size_ctx.fields_size = 0;
+    calc_size_ctx.fields_count = 0;
+
+    headers = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_headers_str);
+    if (headers != NULL) {
+        res = nxt_py_asgi_enum_headers(headers, nxt_py_asgi_calc_size,
+                                       &calc_size_ctx);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    subprotocol = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_subprotocol_str);
+    if (subprotocol != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(subprotocol)) {
+        subprotocol_str = PyUnicode_DATA(subprotocol);
+        subprotocol_len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(subprotocol);
+
+        calc_size_ctx.fields_size += ws_protocol.length + subprotocol_len;
+        calc_size_ctx.fields_count++;
+
+    } else {
+        subprotocol_str = NULL;
+        subprotocol_len = 0;
+    }
+
+    rc = nxt_unit_response_init(ws->req, 101,
+                                calc_size_ctx.fields_count,
+                                calc_size_ctx.fields_size);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "failed to allocate response object");
+    }
+
+    add_field_ctx.req = ws->req;
+    add_field_ctx.content_length = -1;
+
+    if (headers != NULL) {
+        res = nxt_py_asgi_enum_headers(headers, nxt_py_asgi_add_field,
+                                       &add_field_ctx);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (subprotocol_len > 0) {
+        rc = nxt_unit_response_add_field(ws->req,
+                                         (const char *) ws_protocol.start,
+                                         ws_protocol.length,
+                                         subprotocol_str, subprotocol_len);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "failed to add header");
+        }
+    }
+
+    rc = nxt_unit_response_send(ws->req);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to send response");
+    }
+
+    ws->state = NXT_WS_ACCEPTED;
+
+    Py_INCREF(ws);
+
+    return (PyObject *) ws;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_close(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws, PyObject *dict)
+{
+    int       rc;
+    uint16_t  status_code;
+    PyObject  *code;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_INIT)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "WebSocket connect not received");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_DISCONNECTED)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "WebSocket disconnected");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_CLOSED)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "WebSocket already closed");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_unit_response_is_websocket(ws->req)) {
+        code = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_code_str);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(code != NULL && !PyLong_Check(code))) {
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'code' is not integer");
+        }
+
+        status_code = (code != NULL) ? htons(PyLong_AsLong(code))
+                                     : htons(NXT_WEBSOCKET_CR_NORMAL);
+
+        rc = nxt_unit_websocket_send(ws->req, NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CLOSE,
+                                     1, &status_code, 2);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "failed to send close frame");
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        rc = nxt_unit_response_init(ws->req, 403, 0, 0);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "failed to allocate response object");
+        }
+
+        rc = nxt_unit_response_send(ws->req);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "failed to send response");
+        }
+    }
+
+    ws->state = NXT_WS_CLOSED;
+
+    Py_INCREF(ws);
+
+    return (PyObject *) ws;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_send_frame(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws, PyObject *dict)
+{
+    int         rc;
+    uint8_t     opcode;
+    PyObject    *bytes, *text;
+    const void  *buf;
+    Py_ssize_t  buf_size;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_INIT)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "WebSocket connect not received");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_CONNECT)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "WebSocket not accepted yet");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_DISCONNECTED)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "WebSocket disconnected");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state == NXT_WS_CLOSED)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "WebSocket already closed");
+    }
+
+    bytes = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_bytes_str);
+    if (bytes == Py_None) {
+        bytes = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(bytes != NULL && !PyBytes_Check(bytes))) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "'bytes' is not a byte string");
+    }
+
+    text = PyDict_GetItem(dict, nxt_py_text_str);
+    if (text == Py_None) {
+        text = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(text != NULL && !PyUnicode_Check(text))) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "'text' is not a unicode string");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(((bytes != NULL) ^ (text != NULL)) == 0)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                       "Exactly one of 'bytes' or 'text' must be non-None");
+    }
+
+    if (bytes != NULL) {
+        buf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(bytes);
+        buf_size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(bytes);
+        opcode = NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_BINARY;
+
+    } else {
+        buf = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(text, &buf_size);
+        opcode = NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_TEXT;
+    }
+
+    rc = nxt_unit_websocket_send(ws->req, opcode, 1, buf, buf_size);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(rc != NXT_UNIT_OK)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to send close frame");
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(ws);
+    return (PyObject *) ws;
+}
+
+
+void
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_handler(nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t *frame)
+{
+    uint8_t                  opcode;
+    uint16_t                 status_code;
+    uint64_t                 rest;
+    PyObject                 *msg, *exc;
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t  *ws;
+
+    ws = frame->req->data;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_handler");
+
+    opcode = frame->header->opcode;
+    if (nxt_slow_path(opcode != NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CONT
+                      && opcode != NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_TEXT
+                      && opcode != NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_BINARY
+                      && opcode != NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CLOSE))
+    {
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        nxt_unit_req_debug(ws->req,
+                          "asgi_websocket_handler: ignore frame with opcode %d",
+                           opcode);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(ws->state != NXT_WS_ACCEPTED)) {
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        goto bad_state;
+    }
+
+    rest = nxt_py_asgi_ws_max_frame_size - ws->pending_frame_len;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(frame->payload_len > rest)) {
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        goto too_big;
+    }
+
+    rest = nxt_py_asgi_ws_max_buffer_size - ws->pending_payload_len;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(frame->payload_len > rest)) {
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        goto too_big;
+    }
+
+    if (ws->receive_future == NULL || frame->header->fin == 0) {
+        nxt_py_asgi_websocket_suspend_frame(frame);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!nxt_queue_is_empty(&ws->pending_frames)) {
+        if (nxt_slow_path(opcode == NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_TEXT
+                          || opcode == NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_BINARY))
+        {
+            nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req,
+                         "Invalid state: pending frames with active receiver. "
+                         "CONT frame expected. (%d)", opcode);
+
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AssertionError,
+                         "Invalid state: pending frames with active receiver. "
+                         "CONT frame expected.");
+
+            nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    msg = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_msg(ws, frame);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(msg == NULL)) {
+        exc = PyErr_Occurred();
+        Py_INCREF(exc);
+
+        goto raise;
+    }
+
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive_done(ws, msg);
+
+    return;
+
+bad_state:
+
+    if (ws->receive_future == NULL) {
+        ws->receive_exc_str = nxt_py_bad_state_str;
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    exc = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                       nxt_py_bad_state_str,
+                                       NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(exc == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "RuntimeError create failed");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        exc = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(exc);
+    }
+
+    goto raise;
+
+too_big:
+
+    status_code = htons(NXT_WEBSOCKET_CR_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG);
+
+    (void) nxt_unit_websocket_send(ws->req, NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CLOSE,
+                                   1, &status_code, 2);
+
+    ws->state = NXT_WS_CLOSED;
+
+    if (ws->receive_future == NULL) {
+        ws->receive_exc_str = nxt_py_message_too_big_str;
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    exc = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                       nxt_py_message_too_big_str,
+                                       NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(exc == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "RuntimeError create failed");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        exc = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(exc);
+    }
+
+raise:
+
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive_fail(ws, exc);
+}
+
+
+static void
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive_done(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws, PyObject *msg)
+{
+    PyObject  *future, *res;
+
+    future = ws->receive_future;
+    ws->receive_future = NULL;
+
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_result_str, msg, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "'set_result' call failed");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(res);
+    Py_DECREF(future);
+
+    Py_DECREF(msg);
+}
+
+
+static void
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive_fail(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws, PyObject *exc)
+{
+    PyObject  *future, *res;
+
+    future = ws->receive_future;
+    ws->receive_future = NULL;
+
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_set_exception_str, exc,
+                                     NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "'set_exception' call failed");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(res);
+    Py_DECREF(future);
+
+    Py_DECREF(exc);
+}
+
+
+static void
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_suspend_frame(nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t *frame)
+{
+    int                          rc;
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t      *ws;
+    nxt_py_asgi_penging_frame_t  *p;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(frame->req, "asgi_websocket_suspend_frame: "
+                       "%d, %"PRIu64", %d",
+                       frame->header->opcode, frame->payload_len,
+                       frame->header->fin);
+
+    ws = frame->req->data;
+
+    rc = nxt_unit_websocket_retain(frame);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(rc == NXT_UNIT_ERROR)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "Failed to retain frame for suspension.");
+
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "Failed to retain frame for suspension.");
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    p = nxt_unit_malloc(frame->req->ctx, sizeof(nxt_py_asgi_penging_frame_t));
+    if (nxt_slow_path(p == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req,
+                           "Failed to allocate buffer to suspend frame.");
+
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "Failed to allocate buffer to suspend frame.");
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    p->frame = frame;
+    nxt_queue_insert_tail(&ws->pending_frames, &p->link);
+
+    ws->pending_payload_len += frame->payload_len;
+    ws->pending_fins += frame->header->fin;
+
+    if (frame->header->fin) {
+        ws->pending_frame_len = 0;
+
+    } else {
+        if (frame->header->opcode == NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CONT) {
+            ws->pending_frame_len += frame->payload_len;
+
+        } else {
+            ws->pending_frame_len = frame->payload_len;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_msg(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws,
+    nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t *frame)
+{
+    int                         fin;
+    char                        *buf;
+    uint8_t                     code_buf[2], opcode;
+    uint16_t                    code;
+    PyObject                    *msg, *data, *type, *data_key;
+    uint64_t                    payload_len;
+    nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t  *fin_frame;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_pop_msg");
+
+    fin_frame = NULL;
+
+    if (nxt_queue_is_empty(&ws->pending_frames)
+        || (frame != NULL
+            && frame->header->opcode == NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CLOSE))
+    {
+        payload_len = frame->payload_len;
+
+    } else {
+        if (frame != NULL) {
+            payload_len = ws->pending_payload_len + frame->payload_len;
+            fin_frame = frame;
+
+        } else {
+            payload_len = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pending_len(ws);
+        }
+
+        frame = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_frame(ws);
+    }
+
+    opcode = frame->header->opcode;
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(opcode == NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CONT)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req,
+                           "Invalid state: attempt to process CONT frame.");
+
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_AssertionError,
+                            "Invalid state: attempt to process CONT frame.");
+    }
+
+    type = nxt_py_websocket_receive_str;
+
+    switch (opcode) {
+    case NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_TEXT:
+        buf = nxt_unit_malloc(frame->req->ctx, payload_len);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(buf == NULL)) {
+            nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req,
+                               "Failed to allocate buffer for payload (%d).",
+                               (int) payload_len);
+
+            nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "Failed to allocate buffer for payload (%d).",
+                                (int) payload_len);
+        }
+
+        data = NULL;
+        data_key = nxt_py_text_str;
+
+        break;
+
+    case NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_BINARY:
+        data = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, payload_len);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(data == NULL)) {
+            nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req,
+                               "Failed to create Bytes for payload (%d).",
+                               (int) payload_len);
+            nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+            nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "Failed to create Bytes for payload.");
+        }
+
+        buf = (char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(data);
+        data_key = nxt_py_bytes_str;
+
+        break;
+
+    case NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CLOSE:
+        if (frame->payload_len >= 2) {
+            nxt_unit_websocket_read(frame, code_buf, 2);
+            code = ((uint16_t) code_buf[0]) << 8 | code_buf[1];
+
+        } else {
+            code = NXT_WEBSOCKET_CR_NORMAL;
+        }
+
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        data = PyLong_FromLong(code);
+        if (nxt_slow_path(data == NULL)) {
+            nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req,
+                               "Failed to create Long from code %d.",
+                               (int) code);
+            nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "Failed to create Long from code %d.",
+                                (int) code);
+        }
+
+        buf = NULL;
+        type = nxt_py_websocket_disconnect_str;
+        data_key = nxt_py_code_str;
+
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "Unexpected opcode %d", opcode);
+
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_AssertionError, "Unexpected opcode %d",
+                            opcode);
+    }
+
+    if (buf != NULL) {
+        fin = frame->header->fin;
+        buf += nxt_unit_websocket_read(frame, buf, frame->payload_len);
+
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+        if (!fin) {
+            while (!nxt_queue_is_empty(&ws->pending_frames)) {
+                frame = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_frame(ws);
+                fin = frame->header->fin;
+
+                buf += nxt_unit_websocket_read(frame, buf, frame->payload_len);
+
+                nxt_unit_websocket_done(frame);
+
+                if (fin) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (fin_frame != NULL) {
+                buf += nxt_unit_websocket_read(fin_frame, buf,
+                                               fin_frame->payload_len);
+                nxt_unit_websocket_done(fin_frame);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (opcode == NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_TEXT) {
+            buf -= payload_len;
+
+            data = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(buf, payload_len, NULL);
+
+            nxt_unit_free(ws->req->ctx, buf);
+
+            if (nxt_slow_path(data == NULL)) {
+                nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req,
+                                   "Failed to create Unicode for payload (%d).",
+                                   (int) payload_len);
+                nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+                return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                    "Failed to create Unicode.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    msg = nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(ws->req, type);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(msg == NULL)) {
+        Py_DECREF(data);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(msg, data_key, data) == -1)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "Python failed to set 'msg.data' item");
+
+        Py_DECREF(msg);
+        Py_DECREF(data);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "Python failed to set 'msg.data' item");
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(data);
+
+    return msg;
+}
+
+
+static uint64_t
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pending_len(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws)
+{
+    uint64_t                     res;
+    nxt_py_asgi_penging_frame_t  *p;
+
+    res = 0;
+
+    nxt_queue_each(p, &ws->pending_frames, nxt_py_asgi_penging_frame_t, link) {
+        res += p->frame->payload_len;
+
+        if (p->frame->header->fin) {
+            nxt_unit_req_debug(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_pending_len: %d",
+                               (int) res);
+            return res;
+        }
+    } nxt_queue_loop;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_pending_len: %d (all)",
+                       (int) res);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+static nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_frame(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws)
+{
+    nxt_queue_link_t             *lnk;
+    nxt_unit_websocket_frame_t   *frame;
+    nxt_py_asgi_penging_frame_t  *p;
+
+    lnk = nxt_queue_first(&ws->pending_frames);
+    nxt_queue_remove(lnk);
+
+    p = nxt_queue_link_data(lnk, nxt_py_asgi_penging_frame_t, link);
+
+    frame = p->frame;
+    ws->pending_payload_len -= frame->payload_len;
+    ws->pending_fins -= frame->header->fin;
+
+    nxt_unit_free(frame->req->ctx, p);
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(frame->req, "asgi_websocket_pop_frame: "
+                       "%d, %"PRIu64", %d",
+                       frame->header->opcode, frame->payload_len,
+                       frame->header->fin);
+
+    return frame;
+}
+
+
+void
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_close_handler(nxt_unit_request_info_t *req)
+{
+    PyObject                 *msg, *exc;
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t  *ws;
+
+    ws = req->data;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(req, "asgi_websocket_close_handler");
+
+    if (ws->receive_future == NULL) {
+        ws->state = NXT_WS_DISCONNECTED;
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    msg = nxt_py_asgi_websocket_disconnect_msg(ws);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(msg == NULL)) {
+        exc = PyErr_Occurred();
+        Py_INCREF(exc);
+
+        nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive_fail(ws, exc);
+
+    } else {
+        nxt_py_asgi_websocket_receive_done(ws, msg);
+    }
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_disconnect_msg(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *ws)
+{
+    PyObject  *msg, *code;
+
+    msg = nxt_py_asgi_new_msg(ws->req, nxt_py_websocket_disconnect_str);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(msg == NULL)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    code = PyLong_FromLong(NXT_WEBSOCKET_CR_GOING_AWAY);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(code == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "Python failed to create long");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        Py_DECREF(msg);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to create long");
+    }
+
+    if (nxt_slow_path(PyDict_SetItem(msg, nxt_py_code_str, code) == -1)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_alert(ws->req, "Python failed to set 'msg.code' item");
+
+        Py_DECREF(msg);
+        Py_DECREF(code);
+
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                            "Python failed to set 'msg.code' item");
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(code);
+
+    return msg;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+nxt_py_asgi_websocket_done(PyObject *self, PyObject *future)
+{
+    int                      rc;
+    uint16_t                 status_code;
+    PyObject                 *res;
+    nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t  *ws;
+
+    ws = (nxt_py_asgi_websocket_t *) self;
+
+    nxt_unit_req_debug(ws->req, "asgi_websocket_done: %p", self);
+
+    /*
+     * Get Future.result() and it raises an exception, if coroutine exited
+     * with exception.
+     */
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(future, nxt_py_result_str, NULL);
+    if (nxt_slow_path(res == NULL)) {
+        nxt_unit_req_error(ws->req,
+                           "Python failed to call 'future.result()'");
+        nxt_python_print_exception();
+
+        rc = NXT_UNIT_ERROR;
+
+    } else {
+        Py_DECREF(res);
+
+        rc = NXT_UNIT_OK;
+    }
+
+    if (ws->state == NXT_WS_ACCEPTED) {
+        status_code = (rc == NXT_UNIT_OK)
+                      ? htons(NXT_WEBSOCKET_CR_NORMAL)
+                      : htons(NXT_WEBSOCKET_CR_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
+
+        rc = nxt_unit_websocket_send(ws->req, NXT_WEBSOCKET_OP_CLOSE,
+                                     1, &status_code, 2);
+    }
+
+    while (!nxt_queue_is_empty(&ws->pending_frames)) {
+        nxt_unit_websocket_done(nxt_py_asgi_websocket_pop_frame(ws));
+    }
+
+    nxt_unit_request_done(ws->req, rc);
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+#endif /* NXT_HAVE_ASGI */
diff --git a/src/python/nxt_python_wsgi.c b/src/python/nxt_python_wsgi.c
index 3a5842f1..97030cd3 100644
--- a/src/python/nxt_python_wsgi.c
+++ b/src/python/nxt_python_wsgi.c
@@ -38,24 +38,6 @@
  */
 
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3
-#define NXT_PYTHON_BYTES_TYPE       "bytestring"
-
-#define PyString_FromStringAndSize(str, size)                                 \
-            PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1((str), (size), "strict")
-#define PyString_AS_STRING          PyUnicode_DATA
-
-#else
-#define NXT_PYTHON_BYTES_TYPE       "string"
-
-#define PyBytes_FromStringAndSize   PyString_FromStringAndSize
-#define PyBytes_Check               PyString_Check
-#define PyBytes_GET_SIZE            PyString_GET_SIZE
-#define PyBytes_AS_STRING           PyString_AS_STRING
-#define PyUnicode_InternInPlace     PyString_InternInPlace
-#define PyUnicode_AsUTF8            PyString_AS_STRING
-#endif
-
 typedef struct nxt_python_run_ctx_s  nxt_python_run_ctx_t;
 
 typedef struct {