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authorIgor Sysoev <igor@sysoev.ru>2017-09-06 02:30:55 +0300
committerIgor Sysoev <igor@sysoev.ru>2017-09-06 02:30:55 +0300
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+<!-- menu -->
+
+- [Introducing NGINX Unit](#introducing-nginx-unit)
+- [System Requirements for Running Unit](#system-requirements-for-running-unit)
+- [Downloading Unit Binaries](#downloading-unit-binaries)
+ - [Downloading the Unit Package on CentOS Systems](#downloading-the-unit-package-on-centos-systems)
+ - [Downloading the Unit Package on Ubuntu Systems](#downloading-the-unit-package-on-ubuntu-systems)
+- [Compiling Unit from Source](#compiling-unit-from-source)
+ - [Downloading the Unit Source Code](#downloading-the-unit-source-code)
+ - [Downloading the Source from the Mercurial Repository](#downloading-the-source-from-mercurial-repository)
+ - [Downloading the Source from the GitHub Repository](#downloading-the-source-from-git-repository)
+ - [Downloading the Source as a Tarball](#downloading-the-source-as-a-tarball)
+ - [Installing Required Software on Ubuntu Systems](#installing-required-software-on-ubuntu-systems)
+ - [Installing Required Software on CentOS Systems](#installing-required-software-on-centos-systems)
+ - [Configuring the Unit Source](#configuring-the-unit-source)
+ - [Configuring the Unit Source for Go](#configuring-the-unit-source-for-go)
+ - [Building the Go Application for Unit](#building-the-go-applications-for-unit)
+ - [Configuring the Unit Source for PHP](#configuring-the-unit-source-for-php)
+ - [Configuring the Unit Source for Python](#configuring-the-unit-source-for-python)
+ - [Compiling Unit](#compiling-unit)
+- [Installing Unit From Source](#installing-unit-from-source)
+- [Starting and Stopping Unit](#starting-and-stopping-unit)
+- [Configuring Unit with the JSON API](#configuring-unit-with-the-json-api)
+ - [Configuring Application Objects](#configuring-application-objects)
+ - [Configuring Listener Objects](#configuring-listener-objects)
+ - [Minimum Configuration](#minimum-configuration)
+ - [Creating Configuration Objects](#creating-configuration-objects)
+ - [Example: Create a Full Configuration](#example-create-a-full-configuration)
+ - [Example: Create an Application Object](#example-create-an-application-object)
+ - [Displaying Configuration Objects](#displaying-configuration-objects)
+ - [Example: Display the Full Configuration](#example-display-the-full-configuration)
+ - [Example: Display One Object](#example-display-one-object)
+ - [Modifying Configuration Objects](#modifying-configuration-objects)
+ - [Example: Change the Application for a Listener](#example-change-the-application-for-a-listener)
+ - [Example: Change the File Path for an Application](#example-change-the-file-path-for-an-application)
+ - [Deleting Configuration Objects](#deleting-configuration-objects)
+ - [Example: Delete a Listener](#example-delete-a-listener)
+ - [JSON Specification for Listener and Application Objects](#json-specification-for-listener-and-application-objects)
+ - [Listener](#listener)
+ - [Go Application](#go-application)
+ - [PHP Application](#php-application)
+ - [Python Application](#python-application)
+ - [Full Example](#full-example)
+- [License and Contributing Changes](#license-and-contributing-changes)
+- [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
+
+<!-- /menu -->
+
+<!-- section:1 -->
+
+## Introducing NGINX Unit
+
+NGINX Unit is a dynamic web application server, designed to run applications
+in multiple languages. Unit is lightweight, polyglot, and dynamically
+configured via API. The design of the server allows reconfiguration of
+specific application parameters as needed by the engineering or operations.
+
+NGINX Unit is currently available as a beta. As such, it is suitable for use
+in a testing environment, but is not recommended for use in production.
+
+<!-- /section:1 -->
+
+<!-- section:2 -->
+
+## System Requirements for Running Unit
+
+NGINX Unit is tested to compile and run on the following systems:
+ * Linux 2.6 or later
+ * FreeBSD 9 or later
+ * MacOS X
+ * Solaris 11
+
+Architectures:
+ * i386
+ * amd64
+ * powerpc
+ * arm
+
+For applications running in NGINX Unit you need the respective programming
+languages:
+ * Python 2.6, 2.7, 3
+ * PHP 5, 7
+ * Go 1.6 or later
+
+You can run multiple versions of the same language installed on the same
+system.
+
+<!-- /section:2 -->
+
+<!-- section:3 -->
+
+## Downloading Unit Binaries
+
+Precompiled binaries for Unit are available for CentOS&nbsp;7.0 and
+Ubuntu&nbsp;16.04&nbsp;LTS.
+
+### Downloading the Unit Package on CentOS Systems
+
+ 1. Create the file **/etc/yum.repos.d/unit.repo** with the following
+ contents:
+
+ ```
+ [unit]
+ name=unit repo
+ baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
+ gpgcheck=0
+ enabled=1
+ ```
+
+ 2. Download the Unit package:
+
+ ```
+ # apt-get update
+ # apt-get install unit
+ ```
+
+### Downloading the Unit Package on Ubuntu Systems
+
+ 1. Download the [key](http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key) used to sign
+ the NGINX,&nbsp;Inc. repository and packages.
+
+ 2. Add the key to the `apt` program's keyring. The program can then
+ authenticate the NGINX repository signature, which eliminates warnings
+ about a missing PGP key during installation of the Unit package.
+
+ ```
+ # sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
+ ```
+
+ 3. Append the following to the end of the file **/etc/apt/sources.list**:
+
+ ```
+ deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ xenial unit
+ deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ xenial unit
+ ```
+
+ 4. Download the Unit package:
+
+ ```
+ # apt-get update
+ # apt-get install unit
+ ```
+
+<!-- /section:3 -->
+
+<!-- section:4 -->
+
+## Compiling Unit from Source
+
+This section explains how to compile and install Unit from the source code.
+
+### Downloading the Unit Source Code
+
+There are three ways to obtain the Unit source code: from the NGINX,&nbsp;Inc.
+Mercurial repository, from GitHub, or in a tarball.
+
+In each case, the sources are placed in the **unit** subdirectory of the
+current working directory.
+
+#### Downloading the Source from the Mercurial Repository
+
+ 1. If don't already have the Mercurial software, download and install it.
+ For example, on Ubuntu systems, run this command:
+
+ ```
+ # apt-get mercurial
+ ```
+
+ 2. Download the Unit sources:
+
+ ```
+ # hg clone hg.nginx.org/unit
+ ```
+
+#### Downloading the Source from the GitHub Repository
+
+ 1. If don't already have the Git software, download it. See the [GitHub
+ documentation](https://help.github.com/).
+
+ 2. Download the Unit sources:
+
+ ```
+ # git clone https://github.com/nginx/unit
+ ```
+
+#### Downloading the Source as a Tarball
+
+**TBD**
+
+### Installing Required Software on Ubuntu Systems
+
+Before configuring and compiling Unit on Ubuntu systems, you must install the
+required build tools plus the library files for each of the available
+languages (Go, PHP, and Python) that you want to support.
+
+ 1. Install the build tools. Note that they might require more than
+ 100&nbsp;MB of disk space.
+
+ ```
+ # apt-get install build-essential
+ ...
+ Need to get 39.0 MB of archives.
+ After this operation, 139 MB of additional disk space will be used.
+ Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
+ ...
+ ```
+
+ 2. If you are supporting Go, install the `golang` package. The required
+ additional disk space might be about 200&nbsp;MB.
+
+ ```
+ # apt-get install golang
+ ...
+ Need to get 29.0 MB of archives.
+ After this operation, 198 MB of additional disk space will be used.
+ Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
+ ...
+ ```
+
+ 3. If you are supporting PHP, install the `php-dev` and `libphp-embed`
+ packages. The required additional disk space might be around 20&nbsp;MB.
+
+ ```
+ # apt-get install php-dev
+ ...
+ Need to get 5,230 kB of archives.
+ After this operation, 20.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
+ Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
+ ...
+
+ # apt-get install libphp-embed
+ ...
+ Need to get 1,230 kB of archives.
+ After this operation, 4,330 kB of additional disk space will be used.
+ Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
+ ...
+ ```
+
+ 4. If you are supporting Python, install the `python-dev` package. The
+ required additional disk space might be around 60&nbsp;MB.
+
+ ```
+ # apt-get install python-dev
+ ...
+ 1 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 151 not upgraded.
+ Need to get 33.3 MB of archives.
+ After this operation, 62.3 MB of additional disk space will be used.
+ Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
+ ...
+ ```
+
+### Installing Required Software on CentOS Systems
+
+**TBD**
+
+### Configuring the Unit Source
+
+With Unit, you can simultaneously run applications that use different versions
+of a supported language (Go, PHP, or Python). You need to configure a separate
+Unit module for each one. The following commands create the necessary
+instructions in the **Makefile** for each module.
+
+#### Configuring the Unit Source for Go
+
+NGINX Unit will provide the Go package that is required for running your Go
+application inside Unit.
+
+ 1. Set the `GOPATH` environment variable, which sets the output directory
+ for the Unit Go package.
+
+ ```
+ # export GOPATH=/home/user/go_apps
+ ```
+
+ 2. Run the following command:
+
+ ```
+ # ./configure go
+ configuring Go package
+ checking for Go ... found
+ + go version go1.6.2 linux/amd64
+ + Go package path: "/home/user/go_apps"
+ ```
+
+#### Building the Go Application for Unit
+
+ 1. Modify the source file for the Go application, making changes in two
+ places:
+
+ a. In the `import` section, add `"unit"` on a separate line.
+
+ ```
+ import {
+ "fmt"
+ "net/http"
+ "unit"
+ }
+ ```
+
+ b. In the `main()` function, comment out the `http.ListenandServe`
+ function and insert the `unit.ListenAndServe` function.
+
+ ```
+ func main() {
+ http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
+ //http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
+ unit.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
+ ```
+
+ 2. Build the Go application.
+
+ ```
+ # go build
+ ```
+
+If the Go application is executed directly, the unit module will fall back to
+the http module. If the Go application is launched by Unit, it will communicate
+with the Unit router via shared memory.
+
+#### Configuring the Unit Source for PHP
+
+To configure a Unit module (called **php.unit.so**) for the most recent version
+of PHP that the `configure` script finds bundled with the operating system, run
+this command:
+
+```
+# ./configure php
+```
+
+To configure Unit modules for other versions of PHP (including versions you
+have customized), repeat the following command for each one:
+
+```
+# ./configure php --module=<prefix> --config=<script-name> --lib-path=<pathname>
+```
+
+where
+
+ * `--module` sets the filename prefix for the Unit module specific to the
+ PHP version (that is, the resulting module is called
+ &lt;_prefix_&gt;.**unit.so**).
+
+ * `--config` specifies the filename of the **php-config** script for the
+ particular version of PHP.
+
+ * `--lib-path` specifies the directory for the PHP library file to use.
+
+For example, this command generates a module called **php70.unit.so** for
+PHP&nbsp;7.0:
+
+```
+# ./configure php --module=php70 \
+ --config=/usr/lib64/php7.0/php-config \
+ --lib-path=/usr/lib64/php7.0/lib64
+configuring PHP module
+checking for PHP ... found
+ + PHP version: 7.0.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
+ + PHP SAPI: [apache2handler embed cgi cli fpm]
+checking for PHP embed SAPI ... found
+ + PHP module: php70.unit.so
+ ```
+
+#### Configuring the Unit Source for Python
+
+To configure a Unit module (called **python.unit.so**) for the most recent
+version of Python that the `configure` script finds bundled with the operating
+system, run this command.
+
+```
+# ./configure python
+```
+
+To configure Unit modules for other versions of Python (including versions you
+have customized), repeat the following command for each one:
+
+```
+# ./configure python --module=<prefix> --config=<script-name>
+```
+
+where
+
+ * `--module` sets the filename prefix for the Unit module specific to the
+ Python version (that is, the resulting modules is called
+ &lt;_prefix_&gt;.**unit.so**).
+
+ * `--config` specifies the filename of the **python-config** script for the
+ particular version of Python.
+
+For example, this command generates a module called **py33.unit.so** for
+Python&nbsp;3.3:
+
+```
+# ./configure php --module=py33 \
+ --config=python-config-3.3
+configuring Python module
+checking for Python ... found
+checking for Python version ... 3.3
+ + Python module: py33.unit.so
+```
+
+### Compiling Unit
+
+To compile the Unit executable and all configured modules for PHP, Python, or
+both, run this command:
+
+```
+# make all
+```
+
+To compile the packages for Go:
+
+ 1. Verify that the `GOPATH` environment variable is set correctly, or set
+ the `GOPATH` variable.
+
+ ```
+ # go env GOPATH
+
+ # export GOPATH=<path>
+ ```
+
+ 2. Compile the packages:
+
+ ```
+ # make go
+ ```
+
+<!-- /section:4 -->
+
+<!-- section:5 -->
+
+## Installing Unit From Source
+
+To install Unit with all modules and Go packages, run the following command:
+
+```
+# make install
+```
+
+<!-- /section:5 -->
+
+<!-- section:6 -->
+
+## Starting and Stopping Unit
+
+To start the Unit daemon, run this command:
+
+```
+# unitd
+```
+
+<!-- /section:6 -->
+
+<!-- section:7 -->
+
+## Configuring Unit with the JSON API
+
+By default, the Unit API is available in the control socket file
+**unit.control.sock**.
+
+### Configuring Application Objects
+
+For each application, you use the API to define a JSON object in the
+`applications` section of the Unit configuration. The JSON object defines
+several characteristics of the application, including the language it's written
+in, the number of application worker processes to run, the directory with
+the file or files for the application, and parameters that vary by language.
+
+This example runs three workers of the PHP application named **blogs** using the
+files found in the **/www/blogs/scripts** directory. The default launch file
+when the URL doesn't specify the PHP file is **index.php**.
+
+ ```
+ {
+ ...
+ "applications": {
+ "blogs": {
+ "type": "php",
+ "workers": 20,
+ "root": "/www/blogs/scripts",
+ "index": "index.php"
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ ```
+
+### Configuring Listener Objects
+
+For an application to be accessible via HTTP, you must define at least
+one listener for it in the `listeners` section of the Unit configuration. A
+listener is an IP address and port on which Unit listens for client requests to
+a named application. The IP address can be either a full address (for example,
+`127.0.0.1:8300`) or a wildcard (for example, ``*:8300`).
+
+In this example, requests received on port&nbsp;8300 are sent to the **blogs**
+application:
+
+ ```
+ {
+ "listeners": {
+ "*:8300": {
+ "application": "blogs"
+ }
+ },
+ ...
+ }
+ ```
+
+
+For complete details about the JSON objects for each language, see
+[JSON Specification for Listener and Application Objects](#json-specification-for-listener-and-application-objects).
+
+### Minimum Configuration
+
+The configuration must include at least one listener and associated
+application, as in this example:
+
+```
+{
+ "listeners": {
+ "*:8300": {
+ "application": "blogs"
+ }
+ },
+ "applications": {
+ "blogs": {
+ "type": "php",
+ "workers": 20,
+ "root": "/www/blogs/scripts",
+ "index": "index.php"
+ }
+ }
+}
+```
+
+### Creating Configuration Objects
+
+To create a configuration object, specify the JSON data for it in the body of
+a `PUT` request. To reduce errors, it makes sense to write the JSON data in a
+file and specify the file path with the `-d` option to the `curl` command.
+
+#### Example: Create a Full Configuration
+
+Create an initial configuration by uploading the contents of the **start.json**
+file:
+
+```
+# curl -X PUT -d @/path/start.json \
+ --unix-socket ./control.unit.sock http://localhost:/
+
+# curl -X PUT -d @start.json \
+ --unix-socket ./control.unit.sock http://localhost:/
+```
+
+#### Example: Create an Application Object
+
+Create a new application object called **wiki** from the file **wiki.json**.
+
+```
+# curl -X PUT -d @wiki.json \
+ --unix-socket ./control.unit.sock http://localhost:/
+```
+
+The contents of **wiki.json** are:
+
+```
+"wiki": {
+ "type": "python",
+ "workers": 10,
+ "module": "wsgi",
+ "user": "www-wiki",
+ "group": "www-wiki",
+ "path": "/www/wiki"
+}
+```
+
+### Displaying Configuration Objects
+
+To display a configuration object, append its path to the `curl` URL.
+
+#### Example: Display the Full Configuration
+
+Display the complete configuration:
+
+```
+# curl --unix-socket ./control.unit.sock http://localhost:/
+{
+ "applications": {
+ "blogs": {
+ "type": "php",
+ "user": "nobody",
+ "group": "nobody",
+ "workers": 20,
+ "root": "/www/blogs/scripts",
+ "index": "index.php"
+ },
+
+ "wiki": {
+ "type": "python",
+ "user": "nobody",
+ "group": "nobody",
+ "workers": 10,
+ "path": "/www/wiki",
+ "module": "wsgi"
+ }
+ },
+
+
+ "listeners": {
+ "*:8300": {
+ "application": "blogs"
+ },
+
+
+ "*:8400": {
+ "application": "wiki"
+ }
+ }
+}
+```
+
+#### Example: Display One Object
+
+Display the data for the **wiki** application:
+
+```
+# curl --unix-socket ./control.unit.sock http://localhost:/applications/wiki
+{
+ "type": "python",
+ "workers": 10,
+ "module": "wsgi",
+ "user": "www",
+ "group": "www",
+ "path": "/www/wiki"
+}
+```
+
+### Modifying Configuration Objects
+
+To change a configuration object, use the `-d` option to the `curl` command to
+specify the object's JSON data in the body of a `PUT` request.
+
+#### Example: Change the Application for a Listener
+
+Change the `application` object to **wiki-dev** for the listener on *:8400:
+
+```
+# curl -X PUT -d '"wiki-dev"' --unix-socket ./control.unit.sock \
+ 'http://localhost:/listeners/*:8400/application'
+{
+ "success": "Reconfiguration done."
+}
+```
+
+#### Example: Change the File Path for an Application
+
+Change the `root` object for the **blogs** application to
+**/www/blogs-dev/scripts**:
+
+```
+# curl -X PUT -d '"/www/blogs-dev/scripts"' \
+ --unix-socket ./control.unit.sock \
+ http://localhost:/applications/blogs/root
+{
+ "success": "Reconfiguration done."
+}
+```
+
+### Deleting Configuration Objects
+
+To delete a configuration object, make a `DELETE` request and append the
+object's path to the `curl` URL.
+
+#### Example: Delete a Listener
+
+Delete the listener on *:8400:
+
+```
+# curl -X DELETE --unix-socket ./control.unit.sock \
+ 'http://localhost:/listeners/*:8400'
+{
+ "success": "Reconfiguration done."
+}
+```
+
+### JSON Specification for Listener and Application Objects
+
+#### Listener
+
+| Object | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `<IP-address>:<port>` | IP address and port on which Unit listens for requests to the named application. The IP address can be either a full address (`127.0.0.1:8300`) or a wildcard (`*:8300`).
+| `application` | Application name.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+"*:8300": {
+ "application": "blogs"
+ }
+```
+
+#### Go Application
+
+| Object | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `type`| Type of the application (`go`).
+| `workers` | Number of application workers.
+| `executable` | Full path to compiled Go app.
+| `user` (optional) | Username that runs the app process. <br/><br/>If not specified, `nobody` is used.
+| `group` (optional) | Group name that runs the app process. <br/><br/> If not specified, user's primary group is used.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+"go_chat_app": {
+ "type": "go",
+ "executable": "/www/chat/bin/chat_app",
+ "user": "www-go",
+ "group": "www-go"
+ }
+```
+
+#### PHP Application
+
+| Object | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `type`| Type of the application (`php`).
+| `workers` | Number of application workers.
+| `root` | Directory to search for PHP files.
+| `index` | Default launch file when the PHP file name is not specified in the URL.
+| `script` (optional) | File that Unit runs for every URL, instead of searching for a file in the filesystem. The location is relative to the root.
+| `user` (optional) | Username that runs the app process. <br/><br/>If not specified, `nobody` is used.
+| `group` (optional) | Group name that runs the app process. <br/><br/> If not specified, user's primary group is used.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+"blogs": {
+ "type": "php",
+ "workers": 20,
+ "root": "/www/blogs/scripts",
+ "index": "index.php",
+ "user": "www-blogs",
+ "group": "www-blogs"
+ },
+```
+
+#### Python Application
+
+| Object | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `type`| Type of the application (`python`).
+| `workers` | Number of application workers.
+| `path` | Path to search for the **wsgi.py** file.
+| `module` | Required. Currently the only supported value is `wsgi`.
+| `user` (optional) | Username that runs the app process. <br/><br/>If not specified, `nobody` is used.
+| `group` (optional) | Group name that runs the app process. <br/><br/> If not specified, user's primary group is used.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+"shopping_cart": {
+ "type": "python",
+ "workers": 10,
+ "path": "/www/store/cart",
+ "module": "wsgi",
+ "user": "www",
+ "group": "www"
+ },
+```
+
+#### Full Example
+
+```
+{
+ "listeners": {
+ "*:8300": {
+ "application": "blogs"
+ },
+ "*:8400": {
+ "application": "wiki"
+ },
+ "*:8401": {
+ "application": "shopping_cart"
+ },
+ "*:8500": {
+ "application": "go_chat_app"
+ }
+ },
+ "applications": {
+ "blogs": {
+ "type": "php",
+ "workers": 20,
+ "root": "/www/blogs/scripts",
+ "user": "www-blogs",
+ "group": "www-blogs",
+ "index": "index.php"
+ },
+ "wiki": {
+ "type": "python",
+ "workers": 10,
+ "user": "www-wiki",
+ "group": "www-wiki",
+ "path": "/www/wiki"
+ },
+ "shopping_cart": {
+ "type": "python",
+ "workers": 10,
+ "module": "wsgi",
+ "user": "www",
+ "group": "www",
+ "path": "/www/store/cart"
+ },
+ "go_chat_app": {
+ "type": "go",
+ "user": "www-chat",
+ "group": "www-chat",
+ "executable": "/www/chat/bin/chat_app"
+ }
+ }
+}
+```
+
+<!-- /section:7 -->
+
+<!-- section:8 -->
+
+## License and Contributing Changes
+
+NGINX Unit is released under the Apache 2.0 license.
+
+To contribute changes, either submit them by email to <unit@nginx.org> or
+submit a pull request in the https://github.com/nginx/unit repository.
+
+<!-- /section:8 -->
+
+<!-- section:9 -->
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+**TBD**
+
+<!-- /section:9 -->